Judson Memorial Church, 2000. Adoniram Judson was the first American Protestant foreign missionary. In 1888 his son, distinguished preacher and church leader Edward Judson, began the process to create a church in memorial to his father. Supported by a number of wealthy Northern Baptists, including John D. Rockefeller, Judson spared no expense in his plans for the church. He hired Standford White as architect, John LaFarge for the stained glass, and sculptor Augustus St. Gaudens. The resulting building, an eclectic Lombardo-Romanesque style church, was completed in 1893. The grand campanile, or bell tower, was completed in 1896. The church, nearly from its inception, has been engaged in social health and justice activities. In 1920 the Judson Health Center was established as a community healthcare facility. They opened the first drug-treatment clinic in Greenwich Village (1960-1962). Under the long leadership of pastor Howard Moody (1956-1990), the church became involved in arts, social justice, and anti-war movements. Art projects created include the Judson Dance Theatre and Art Gallery. They operated an abortion counseling and referral service before Roe v. Wade made abortion legal and a support group for those with HIV-AIDS and their caregivers in the 1980s, while many churches ignored the AIDS crisis. They were actively involved in local and national movements for civil rights, peace, women’s rights, and gay rights. Today the church remained active in the arts and is a leader of the leading role in the New Sanctuary Movement for immigrant rights.

Bertolotti's Restaurant, May 19, 1939. Though perhaps not apparent from this 1939 photograph, the building here at 85 West 3rd Street was constructed in the 1830s. In 1844 the writer Edgar Allan Poe moved into the building, then 85 Amity Street. Here he worked on “The Raven" and ''The Cask of Amontillado.'' He and his wife vacated the home in 1846 for a small cottage in the Bronx. Later tenants included actress Lillian Russell and, for nearly 70 years, an Italian restaurant called Bertolotti's. The small building survived most of the 20th century with NYU growing around it. In 2000 the school announced plans to demolish the building for an expanded law library and was met with vocal push back by preservationists, community members and scholars. Eventually NYU agreed to preserve the facade of the building. During construction of the new Furman Hall, the facade is moved down the block and reconstructed within the facade of the new building. Though it supposedly looks as it would have in 1845, preservationists have maintained that the changes of location and surroundings (it is no longer free-standing) and the new brick facade (the old bricks were not reused as planned) create something akin to a movie set, not a historic structure.

"Founded in 1890, Judson Church had served as a bridge between the upper classes on 5th Avenue and the impoverished Italian neighborhood below Washington Square. As many Italian families eventually moved to the suburbs, the congregation declined to fewer than 25 people by the 1950s. The church sought social relevance and hired ministers who were also artists to connect with the growing creative and intellectual communities in the Village. The idea was to open the sanctuary to bear witness rather than proselytize, and to embrace the 'free church' belief that the space of worship is not holy and need not be confined to traditional religious practices. The exhibition acknowledges Associate Minister Bud Scott‘s role in founding the Judson Gallery and Associate Minister Al Carmines’ vision for the Poets’ Theater. The theater was founded on two conditions: there would be no censorship and no requirement to produce religious dramas. However, the work of Reverend Howard Moody was also critical since he integrated activism into the church’s liturgy and mission and took up many of the social issues that the exhibition referenced, such as opening one of the first drug treatment facilities in the Village and an abortion referral service." For more on Judson Memorial Church, check out this article by Joanna Steinberg in Gotham: A Blog for Scholars of New York City History.

Judson Memorial Church ca. 1935 When McKim, Mead & White brought a note of gaiety to a drab city of brownstones with Madison Square Garden, they introduced the best of the Italian Renaissance to New York. It was followed by an ever increasing series of handsome buildings and churches, of which this group with its campanile is one of the finest.

Judson Memorial Church was named by founder Rev. Edward Judson for his father, Rev. Adoniram Judson,the first American Protestant "foreign missionary," who went to Burma in 1812 and died at sea on the way home with no other memorial.

Washington Square Art Show; ca. 1950.

Judson Memorial Church ca. 1933 Judson Memorial Church, 55 Washington Square South Judson Memorial Church was founded by Edward Judson in the late 19th century, during a time when the village had the largest African-American community in the city. Construction on the building began in 1888 with the backing of John D. Rockefeller and other prominent Baptists. The church’s mission has long been devoted to social outreach and since the 1890s, has been known for providing a home to artists, taking courageous stands and meaningful action for social justice, and welcoming everyone without exception. In 1957, Howard Moody became the senior minister and continued the church’s advocacy on civil rights issues, free speech, and and speaking out for issues usually considered immoral by Christians (such as abortion and the decriminalization of prostitution). In the 1950s, it was the first institution in the Village to offer counseling to drug addicts; in the 1960s, it led a nationwide network of Protestant and Jewish clergy who aided women in obtaining abortions before it became legal; in the 1970s, it offered refuge for runaway teens; and in the 1980s, it provided medical resources for AIDS patients. The church sanctuary (designed by Stanford White), campanile tower, and Judson Hall were designated landmarks by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission in 1966 and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1974.

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