Southeast corner of Eleventh Avenue and 24th Street, April 3, 1937. According to the photographer's notes, this dining car restaurant at the south east corner replaced a tenement building previously at 200 Eleventh Avenue. Upon closer inspection, the dining car is a Munson Diner. The Zelin family which owned Munson Dinner had four locations on Eleventh Avenue by 1959. Munson Diner's best known and longest running location was at Eleventh Avenue and 49th Street. That location featured a 1945 Streamline Moderne dining car and attached kitchen facility. It survived in Hell's Kitchen until 2004. Moved upstate to Liberty, New York in the Catskills, it reopened in 2007, but unfortunately after a series of unsuccessful operators and a name change, the diner has been closed since 2016. Today the pictured plot at 24th and Eleventh is home to a new apartment building that features the first car elevator in New York City, which allows residents to drive their vehicles into the elevator and lift them into "en-suite sky garages."

West Side Elevated Highway, looking at West 23rd (left of building with clock) and West 22nd Street (straight ahead), ca. 1975 Constructed between 1929 and 1951, the West Side Elevated Highway, which ran along the west side waterfront from the Battery to 72nd Street, was out of date and largely obsolete by the time it was completed. Constructed, along with the elevated rail line, over 11th Avenue, the new infrastructure was a means to make this area safer. (Due to the dangers of trains and congestion at street level, 11th Avenue had long been called Death Avenue.) The highway, as built, was too too narrow for trucks, the sharp turns on the exit and entrance ramps were dangerous, and the chemicals used for de-icing in the winter quickly deteriorated the structure. The soundness of the structure continued to worsen through the 1960s and 1970s. In 1973 a section near 14th Street collapsed and a car and truck fell through. The highway south of 46th street was closed after not being found structurally sound. The southernmost section remained standing, though in very bad shape, through the late 1980s, when it was replaced with a grade-level six-to-eight lane boulevard. The section from 57th to 72nd Street was rehabilitated and connects to the Henry Hudson Parkway north of 72nd Street.

Horses in front of 532-522 West 24th Street, ca. 1915. The signage on the building notes its services as horse shoeing, hay and oats. This facility was likely frequented by the "Eleven Avenue Cowboys," who rode ahead of surface freight train traffic for safety.

210 Tenth Avenue (1929 or 1943; altered 1976, Carl Laanes) The Empire Diner is a classic example of the streamlined, stainless-steel, railroad dining car- cum-restaurant that modernized the urban tradition of horse-drawn lunch wagons catering mostly to working men. A diner, or “lunch wagon” (as it was labeled on a 1955 map of the neighborhood), was erected on this site in 1929, but may have been replaced with the present structure in 1943. In 1976, the diner received a makeover designed by Carl Laanes, the former head of MoMA’s graphics department. The Empire quickly became an important social gathering place for Chelsea’s gay community, and was instrumental in the “Chelsea Renaissance” of the late 1970’s and 80’s. Today one can still appreciate the vintage aesthetic of the diner’s shiny metal panels and contrasting black and white enameling.

The moment the gangway connected an early-mid 29th century ocean liner to a West Side pier, passengers would disembark into a warehouse-like structure. Simultaneously, baggage would be unloaded from the ship, and taken to the Customs examination area by a fleet of baggage handlers and stevedores. A passenger’s luggage would be deposited beneath the first letter of their last name for them to collect.

Baltimore and Ohio Freight Station and Storage Warehouses, March 3, 1929. The Baltimore and Ohio Freight Yard, which occupied the land south of its massive building, dates in the 1890s. The 10-story warehouse building was constructed in 1912-1914.

Two carriage houses dating to the late 19th century, 1938. According to photographer Berenice Abbott, the bar was attached to a liquor store on Tenth Avenue. Note the couple at right, in front of no. 461, Mickey Junk Shop (then no. 459).

The Roxy, ca. 1985. This former garage was transformed into a roller disco at the height of that craze in 1978. Its wooden floors proved excellent for dancing as well and the Roxy became the place where the downtown art world, the punks and the Bronx b-boys all mingled. The Friday night parties in the early 80s were an important showcase for early hip-hop and breakdancing, and Saturday nights hosted the largest weekly gay dance party. Madonna, Blondie, Talking Heads, Run-DMC, Kraftwerk, The Beastie Boys, LL Cool J, Whitney Houston, Bette Midler, Cher, and Mariah Carey all performed there as well as legions of dance music DJs.

Railcar Diner, 1929. The corner of Tenth Avenue and 22nd Street is well known as the location of the Empire Diner. The 1946-built Fodero Dining Car Company structure is rendered in classic black, white, and chrome. A regular diner through the 1970s, the little corner spot has changed owners and levels of fanciness over the last few decades. BUT, the Empire was not the first such railcar diner to occupy this site! Photographs taken in March of 1929 show a dining car festooned with flags, perhaps for a grand opening. The large signage advertised the so-called Perfect Diner No. 2 with the slogan, "This is the World's Finest Dining Car."

High pressure water system trench on West 23rd Street, near Eleventh Avenue; undated photo. At left, a trolley approaches the West 23rd Street Ferry (out of view in the distance), from which point riders could connect to the Erie and Pennsylvania railroad companies via service to Jersey City. At right, across Eleventh Avenue, the large multi-story structure is the 23rd Street depot of the Metropolitan Street Railway Company, which in 1899 operated over 230 miles of mechanical and horse-powered streetcar lines — including service to the 23rd Street ferry. At far right is the Hollings Hotel, later the Terminal Hotel, at No. 182 Eleventh Avenue. John Hollings, the proprietor, sold the hotel and moved to New Jersey after Prohibition, but his name lived on in a slice of New York culinary history documented by Joseph Mitchell, in "All You Can Hold for Five Bucks", a report in the April 15, 1939 issue of The New Yorker: By the 1930s, the basement of the Terminal Hotel had gained a reputation as one of the West Side's foremost venues for bawdy, gentlemen-only beefsteak dinners. Beefsteak dinners like those held at the Hollings Beefsteak Keller, as the basement "dungeon" was known, were celebrations of meat and beer, enjoyed to excess. At a proper beefsteak, men — from politicians to tradesmen and police officers — would gorge themselves thick sliced servings of steak with their hands until they could pack away no more. Mitchell turned to East Side butcher and beefsteak chef William Wertheimer to characterize the scene: "'The foundation of a good beefsteak is an overflowing amount of meat and beer. The tickets usually cost five bucks, and the rule is ‘All you can hold for five bucks.’ If you’re able to hold a little more when you start home, you haven’t been to a beefsteak, you’ve been to a banquet that they called a beefsteak.'"

Pipes and steel fixtures for the high-pressure system stacked near West Side piers; undated photo. This staging area was located near the northern end of the contemporary Chelsea Piers complex. Those piers, which were later constructed to accommodate the large ocean liners of the early 1900s, had yet to be constructed. In the distance at left is Pier 62, then operated by the Central Railroad of New Jersey.

(1929 or 1943; altered 1976, Carl Laanes) The Empire Diner is a classic example of the streamlined, stainless-steel, railroad dining carcum-restaurant that modernized the urban tradition of horse-drawn lunch wagons catering mostly to working men. A diner, or “lunch wagon” (as it was labeled on a 1955 map of the neighborhood), was erected on this site in 1929, but may have been replaced with the present structure in 1943. In 1976, the diner received a makeover designed by Carl Laanes, the former head of MoMA’s graphics department. The Empire quickly became an important social gathering place for Chelsea’s gay community, and was instrumental in the “Chelsea Renaissance” of the late 1970’s and 80’s. Today one can still appreciate the vintage aesthetic of the diner’s shiny metal panels and contrasting black and white enameling.

A high-pressure pumping system was installed in 1909 to provide water for the NYFD from City Hall to 25th Street.

Church of the Guardian Angel, 1931. The Southern Sicilian Romanesque church is the third Church of the Guardian Angel. The first two, built in 1888 and 1910 were located on West 23rd Street. In 1929, in order to eliminate the dangerous grade-level railway on “Death Avenue,” as Tenth Avenue was then nicknamed, the New York Central Railroad began work on the elevated West Side Line. The proposed right of way for the project included the Church of the Guardian Angel, which was relocated to a new building at Tenth Avenue and West 21st Street. Train traffic continued on Tenth Avenue until the new elevated line, itself feet from the new church’s rear wall, was completed in 1934.

As steamship travel become faster and safer, tourism from New York and the old world became increasingly fashionable for those that could afford it. In this edition of our Interior Life series, we're swapping buildings for boats, examining three of the luxurious ocean liners that ferried passengers across the Atlantic: the S.S. Paris, the S.S. Ile De France, and the S.S. Normandie. All built by the French Line, these three ships made Compagnie Générale Transatlantique famous and marked a new age in trans-oceanic travel.

(1930-32, Shreve, Lamb & Harmon) An embodiment of Chelsea’s working waterfront, the Seaman’s House YMCA was built to serve merchant sailors whose ships were docked along the Hudson. Along with clean rooms, its gymnasium, pool, cafeteria, and chapel were aimed at diverting seamen from the less savory establishments available in the area. Shreve, Lamb & Harmon is most famous for designing the Empire State Building, completed just a year earlier. Their Art Deco YMCA makes a design motif of the organization’s triangular logo and features stylized, nautical-themed, polychrome terra cotta ornament. The building maintains a strong presence at the intersection of 11th Avenue and 20th Streaet, with its chamfered corner and monumental entrance. It operated as a YMCA until 1966. The property was sold to New York State and operated as a correctional facility from 1974-2012.