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From Castle Keeps to Community Spaces: the Evolution of Brooklyn’s Armories

This is an abbreviated version of Brooklynology blog post, the rest is available at this link.

Walking the urban landscape of New York, one comes upon buildings of different styles and periods—one of the great joys of living in an older city. Even in this wildly varied landscape, the armories stand out. One can walk down a row of modest apartment houses and, turning the corner, confront one of these massive structures looming like an apparition from the middle ages.

But how did they come to be here and how did their use change, particularly their transformation from military to civilian uses. What follows is not comprehensive documentation, but a selective jaunt through the evolution of our Brooklyn armories.

ByCenter for Brooklyn History logoCenter for Brooklyn History
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Brooklyn Borough Hall
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Brooklyn Borough Hall

Despite some strong opposition, Brooklyn proved itself more willing than many large cities to build armories, with seven completed or expanded between the 1870s-1890s, and four more in the early years of the 20th century. Contemporary events helped to fuel this enthusiasm: news of the 1871 Paris Commune and ongoing labor-capital unrest throughout the last quarter of the century, including railroad strikes in 1877 and 1895, gave rise to fears of class warfare and revolution. It needs to be said that many of the strikers had legitimate grievances, having had their wages cut by their corporate employers.
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Fort Greene Armory
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Fort Greene Armory

1872-73: Clermont Ave, between Myrtle and Willoughby in Clinton Hill. 23rd Regiment. This armory was substantially renovated in 1911 and now houses apartments.
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Fort Greene Armory
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Fort Greene Armory

On July 2, 1873, we have an example of the kind of dispute that appears often in the Eagle, where an outside entity requests to rent and a debate ensues as to the legality or appropriateness of renting armories for non-military uses. Here the officers of the 23rd regiment decide to veto the use of the armory on legal grounds despite the rank and file’s willingness to rent to the Industrial Institute exposition.
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Fort Greene Armory
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Fort Greene Armory

Some of these disputes hinge on the perceived worthiness of an organization or cause as in this 1921 example involving wrestling. Here the writer gets the opportunity to express some very pungent opinions about the legitimacy of wrestling as a sport.
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47th Regiment Armory
47th Regiment Armory icon

47th Regiment Armory

1883-84: 355 Marcy Avenue, between Heyward and Lynch streets, Williamsburg. 47th regiment.
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47th Regiment Armory
47th Regiment Armory icon

47th Regiment Armory

This armory was built on a site of baseball fields and the beloved ice skating site, Union Pond. During the Depression, the Marcy Avenue Armory hosted a WPA job fair attended by thousands. According to the Daily News from July 28, 2014, the Williamsburg armory is owned by the state and a coveted rental for movie productions and neighborhood religious groups.
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13th Regiment Armory
13th Regiment Armory icon

13th Regiment Armory

1892-94: Sumner Avenue on Marcus Garvey Boulevard in Bedford-Stuyvesant. 13th regiment.
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13th Regiment Armory
13th Regiment Armory icon

13th Regiment Armory

The Sumner Avenue armory hosted many public events, including circuses, model plane shows, and over 40 years of food fairs. I would love to discover a photograph of the giant milk bottle. Today it serves as the Pamoja House homeless shelter.
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23rd Regiment Armory
 23rd Regiment Armory icon

23rd Regiment Armory

1891-95: 1322 Bedford Avenue at Atlantic Avenue in Crown Heights. 23rd regiment and 106th infantry.
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23rd Regiment Armory
 23rd Regiment Armory icon

23rd Regiment Armory

The 23rd regiment armory hosted, among other events: elections, auto shows and boxing matches to benefit Catholic Big Sisters which gave rise to disputes about armories being barred from religious uses. It now houses a homeless shelter.
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Park Slope Armory
Park Slope Armory icon

Park Slope Armory

1891-95: 14th regiment armory on 8th Avenue in Park Slope, between 14th and 15th Streets. From the many events hosted at the Park, Slope armory comes a curious story from the 1950 food fair where a thief stole wooden sandwiches when free real ones were being given out. Today the armory is being used by the Prospect Park YMCA, and served as an early voting site in 2019.
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Troop C Armory
Troop C Armory icon

Troop C Armory

1903-07: 1579 Bedford Avenue between Union and President Streets, Crown Heights. Troop C armory.
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Troop C Armory
Troop C Armory icon

Troop C Armory

The Bedford and Union armory, with its impressive drill hall, is in the process of being renovated for a mixed-use community hub, with affordable housing and a sports complex.
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Second Company Signal Corps Armory
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Second Company Signal Corps Armory

1909-11: 801 Dean Street armory, between Washington Avenue and Grand Avenue. Second Signal Corps/3rd Gatling Battery. Dean Street was the site of the Crown Heights Boxing Association. Today it is home to the Nigerian-American Muslim Integrated Community Center.
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Bay Ridge Armory
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Bay Ridge Armory

1926: Second Ave, between 64th and 65th Streets in Sunset Park, formerly called the Bay Ridge Arsenal.
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Bay Ridge Armory
Bay Ridge Armory icon

Bay Ridge Armory

With this last Brooklyn armory, we see an evolution from the castellated form to a style ubiquitous in the 1920s: Art Deco. This site brings our history of the Brooklyn armories full circle: a building type that started as military storage has been repurposed for commercial storage. Its spare elegance is now hidden behind metal cladding like some landlocked Monitor, lying in wait to be revealed to the appreciation of future Brooklynites. With their military past behind them, these surviving armory structures, built over almost 100 years, will continue to serve a changing Brooklyn in novel ways.
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