Construction of the arch was supported in part by the Grand Army of the Republic, a private fraternal organization for Union Army veterans of the American Civil War founded just after the war’s end, in 1866. The Soldiers’ and Sailors’ Memorial Arch is a monument to the northern victory during the Civil War and to the Northern military’s sacrifices to achieve the reunification of the country.

The massive arch was designed by John Hemingway Duncan and construction of the monument was overseen by Frederick Law Olmsted, Calvert Vaux and architect Stanford White. A New York-based architect, Duncan is now considered one of the more important architects of the twentieth century, responsible for such grandiose works as Grant’s Tomb on the upper west side of Manhattan and the Hotel Wolcott in midtown Manhattan. The infamous duo of city park design, when Olmsted and Vaux began developing Prospect Park in the 1860s, they were already well-known for their other monumental landscape achievement, Central Park

Also prominently displayed atop the arch is a bronze sculpture of the winged Goddess Columbia riding into battle upon her chariot, flanked by two winged Victory figures. Brooklyn-based sculptor Frederick MacMonnies designed and installed this bronze sculpture as well as two others decorating the arch in 1898

The dedication of the arch took place on October 21, 1892 and was attended by President Grover Cleveland who spoke at the ceremony.

Designed in homage to the Arc de Triomphe in Paris, France, the Soldiers’ and Sailors’ Arch stands in Grand Army Plaza at eighty feet in both height and width, its archway fifty feet tall and thirty feet wide.

In 1973, the arch was designated a national landmark, soon followed by the entire plaza in 1975. Later that same year, MacMonnies’ crowning sculpture of the winged Goddess was restored, for she had fallen off her chariot a year prior due to the passage of time. The arch would be restored twice more, first in 1980 and once again in 2000.