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Terminal City: What Remains

William Wilgus, New York Central Railroad's largely self-taught chief engineer, was the mastermind behind Grand Central Terminal's innovative engineering technology. With the plan for electrification and the sinking of the railroad tracks below grade, while building the new modern terminal, Wilgus also convinced railroad officials to commercialize the air above the new street-level decking. In leasing the area above the tracks to developers, the Railroad could increase its profits and create a bustling business district that surrounded, supported, and benefited from Grand Central Terminal.

Terminal City, as it was called, began to develop even before GCT was complete in 1913. Between 1909 when the Grand Central Post Office opened and the early 1930s when the Depression largely halted construction, the neighborhood boomed with hotels, apartment hotels, private clubs, and office buildings. Many of these structures were designed by Warren & Wetmore, one of the two architectural firms that created Grand Central. Most of the best-known hotels of Terminal City, including the Biltmore, Roosevelt, and the Commodore, were constructed by the mid 1910s, while the office buildings, including the Graybar and New York Central Buildings, were largely completed in the 1920s.

This walk does not propose to be a complete list of all Terminal City development. It does not include any post-World War II constructions and it concerns itself ONLY with some of the Terminal City structures that are still extant. Some of the buildings will be easily recognizable, while others, though technically the same structure, bear no resemblance to their former selves. So lace up some comfortable shoes and let's get exploring.

ByUrban Archive logoUrban Archive
Start
13 stops•1.0km•13 min
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Pershing Square Building
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Pershing Square Building

Designed by John Sloan, this Lombard Romanesque Revival structure building was completed in 1923. Because the subway station that forms the building's foundation was begun before 1916, the building does not abide by the 1916 zoning restrictions. It was the last tall building in New York City to be constructed without setbacks.
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Grand Central Terminal
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Grand Central Terminal

The mother of all Terminal City structures, the Terminal itself. Designed by the associated architectural firms of Reed & Stem and Warren and Wetmore, Grand Central Station is a Beaux-Arts masterpiece and once of NYC's most iconic buildings.
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Commodore Hotel
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Commodore Hotel

This was the second Terminal City hotel named for railroad baron, Commodore Cornelius Vanderbilt. The 2,000-room hotel was completed in 1919 to the designs of Warren and Wetmore. Today the glassy Grand Hyatt New York hides the original structure under its reflective facade.
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Graybar Building
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Graybar Building

An Art Deco structure with Byzantine-styling, the Greybar Building was completed to the designs of Sloan & Robertson for the telecommunications firm.
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Grand Central Post Office
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Grand Central Post Office

Grand Central Post Office, completed in 1909, is the oldest surviving Terminal City structure. Today the seven-story building has a 31-story tower constructed on top of it.
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Roosevelt Hotel
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Roosevelt Hotel

Designed by George B. Post & Son, the Roosevelt hotel (named for Teddy) was completed in 1924. In 1947 it became the first hotel in the country to have a television in every room.
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Biltmore Hotel
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Biltmore Hotel

Constructed in 1913, the Biltmore Hotel was the first post-Grand Central Terminal commission for Warren and Wetmore. The clock in its lobby became a well-known and popular meeting spot; for New Yorkers "Meet me under the clock," directed one to the Biltmore. Gutted and taken down to its steel framing in the 1980s, the structure was rebuilt as 335 Madison Avenue.
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Yale Club
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Yale Club

Designed by Yale alumnus, James Gamble Rogers, the Renaissance Revival Yale Club was completed in 1915. Rogers consulted with Warren & Wetmore, the architects of the Terminal and other nearby buildings, to ensure the club blended in with the style of its neighbors.
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Vanderbilt Concourse Building
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Vanderbilt Concourse Building

The Vanderbilt Concourse Building was one of the early office buildings of Terminal City when it was completed in 1916. In recent years this building has been suggested for landmark designation due to its Terminal City history, in an attempt to preserve a number of older buildings at risk with the rezoning of east Midtown.
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New York Central Building
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New York Central Building

Completed in 1929 to the designs of Warren & Wetmore (one of their final New York commissions) the headquarters for the New York Central Railroad Company stood 172.5 meters tall with a pyramidal roof topped by a copper-clad lantern. Today the Helmsley Building is magnificently restored (after a few decades with its sculptures painted bright gold).
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Postum Building
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Postum Building

One of the 1920s office building additions to the Terminal City neighborhood, the Postum Building was completed in 1925. Designed by the firm of Cross and Cross, it calls to mind the style of Warren & Wetmore's Terminal City creations, while lacking the more decorative elements of the earlier buildings.
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Barclay Hotel
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Barclay Hotel

Opened in 1926 as a residential hotel, the Barclay was designed by the architectural firm of Cross & Cross. Between 1926 and 2010 when the hotel closed briefly for renovation, it housed the flagship location of Caswell Massey, the oldest apothecary and perfumery in the country (established 1752)!
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Waldorf Astoria Hotel (1931)
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Waldorf Astoria Hotel (1931)

Waldorf Astoria Hotel opened its doors at 50th Street and Park Avenue in 1931 on the plot of land previously occupied by the New York Central Railroad powerhouse. At the time of its opening, it was the tallest and largest hotel in the world.
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