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The Underground Railroad in New York City

The Underground Railroad was a network of secret safe houses that helped runaway slaves escape captivity during the early to mid-19th century. The route, passing directly through New York City, utilized a number of churches, homes, and businesses. While many of the buildings that housed these “stations” no longer exist, a few important sites of New York City's Underground Railroad are still visible today.

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Plymouth Church
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Plymouth Church

This progressive church was known as the “Grand Central Depot” of the Underground Railroad. Its famed pastor, Henry Ward Beecher, railed against slavery in dramatic sermons. Fugitive slaves were sheltered in the basement before continuing to the next safe house.
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69 Delafield Place
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69 Delafield Place

Dr. Samuel MacKenzie Elliot, a leader of the abolitionist movement, designed this home in 1840. As a political activist, he outfitted his cellar for slaves escaping the U.S. "with a special fireplace for cooking."
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Gideon Tucker House
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Gideon Tucker House

This structure was home to the now-famous abolitionist and minister, Theodore S. Wright. As one of New York City's most prominent conductors of the Underground Railroad, Wright used this Lower Manhattan building as a safe house for slaves escaping to Albany.
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36 Lispenard Street
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36 Lispenard Street

Pictured at far left, 36 Lispenard, at the corner of Church Street, was once the home of David Ruggles. As a zealous abolitionist and the nation's first black journalist, Ruggles made his home a hub for the antislavery movement. Over his lifetime, Ruggles led more than 600 runaway slaves to freedom, including Frederick Douglass.
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Bialystoker Synagogue
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Bialystoker Synagogue

Before 1905, this synagogue was the Willett Street Methodist Episcopal Church. In the corner of what is today the women’s gallery, there is an opening to a narrow shaft. Inside, a ladder leads to the attic where fugitive slaves were allegedly sheltered.
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Hopper-Gibbons House
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Hopper-Gibbons House

In this Chelsea rowhouse, abolitionists Abigail Hopper-Gibbons and James Sloan-Gibbons hid runaway slaves and hosted meetings for anti-slavery advocates. Abigail also started a school for African-American children here.
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