DOMINO SUGAR FACTORY SITE DESCRIPTION This project then became about adapting the interior structure within the constraints of a historical and fragile facade. The structure is also praised for its level of sustainability as it will be “...all-electric powered, meaning that it will have net-zero carbon emissions.” (Elizabeth Fazzare, 2023, Architectural Digest, ‘Exclusive: Inside the Futuristic Domino Sugar Factory Renovation’) Apart from the architectural precedent the Domino Sugar Factory has become, the site presents the issues of how these types of projects relate to equitability across the city. In terms of equity within the contemporary city this site serves as an example of how expensive gentrification and urban development have made areas of Williamsburg, which used to be an area where there were predominantly working class families lived. In recent years “... 27.2% of households are “severely rent burdened,” meaning they pay more than 50% of their total income on rent, in what is a 4% jump from 2010,” (Ivan Pereira, 2016, Williamsburg leads NYC in gentrification, by Ivan Pereira) Bibliography/ Resource list Elizabeth Fazzare, Max Touhey. “Exclusive: Inside the Futuristic Domino Sugar Factory Renovation.” Architectural Digest, 27 Sept. 2023, www.architecturaldigest.com/story/exclusive-inside-futuristic-domino-sugar-factory-renovation. Elizabeth Fazzare, Max Touhey. “Exclusive: Inside the Futuristic Domino Sugar Factory Renovation.” Architectural Digest, 27 Sept. 2023, Kamin, Debra. “At the Domino Sugar Refinery, a Glass Egg in a Brick Shell.” The New York Times, 12 Feb. 2023, www.nytimes.com/2023/02/12/realestate/domino-refinery-brooklyn-development.html. Kamin, Debra. “At the Domino Sugar Refinery, a Glass Egg in a Brick Shell.” The New York Times, 12 Feb. 2023, Pereira, Ivan. “Williamsburg Leads NYC in Gentrification, Report Says.” amNewYork, 11 May 2016, www.amny.com/real-estate/williamsburg-leads-nyc-in-gentrification-report-says-1-11786129/. Pereira, Ivan. “Williamsburg Leads NYC in Gentrification, Report Says.” amNewYork, 11 May 2016, “The Refinery at Domino Offices.” Williamsburg Brooklyn Boutique Office Space | The Refinery at Domino, www.twotreesny.com/office-spaces/williamsburg/refinery. “The Refinery at Domino Offices.” Williamsburg Brooklyn Boutique Office Space | The Refinery at Domino, Pintos, Paula. “Domino Sugar Refinery / Pau - Practice for Architecture and Urbanism.” ArchDaily, 9 Oct. 2023, www.archdaily.com/1007905/domino-sugar-refinery-pau?ad\_medium=gallery. Pintos, Paula. “Domino Sugar Refinery / Pau - Practice for Architecture and Urbanism.” ArchDaily, 9 Oct. 2023,

Critical Thinking Questions Q1: Are there structures in your community that you could see having the potential to be more of a community center or affordable housing? Q2: What are ways in which you have noticed gentrification altering the physical and social presentations of your neighborhood/community?

COOPER SQUARE COMMUNITY LAND TRUST SITE DESCRIPTION The Cooper Square Community Land Trust and Mutual Housing Association are two community-based organizations that worked for 50 years to create affordable housing despite the pressure from Urban Renewal policies and the threat of displacement. With the affordable housing sites they created, there was a precedent developed for community-oriented and governed housing initiatives. This type of community organization serves as a representation of a possible future where residents can protect their built environment and community members from the negative and permanently altering effects of urban renewal and subsequent displacement. Cooper Square helps us to imagine a future where residents can not only invest in their homes but also become more directly involved in the development of their community. It is understandable that the average citizen can often feel discouraged when it comes to making a difference in their community or becoming more involved due to societal issues feeling like they outweigh the possible solutions. It could also feel out of the scope of your ability, but it does take more than one person to sustain and govern a community. With a model like a community land trust becoming implemented in communities, life in the city and around the country could be so much more equitable and valuable if people were given the opportunity and empowerment to take charge of their own communities and living spaces. Bibliography/ Resource list “Our Story.” Cooper Square CLT, www.coopersquareclt.org/our-story. “Our Story.” Cooper Square CLT, Ink, Social. “From Grassroots Organizing to Land Victories: New York’s Community Land Trust Movement Surges Forward.” New Economy Project, 23 Sept. 2023, www.neweconomynyc.org/2023/09/from-grassroots-organizing-to-land-victories-new-yorks-community-land-trust-movement-surges-forward/. Ink, Social. “From Grassroots Organizing to Land Victories: New York’s Community Land Trust Movement Surges Forward.” \_New Economy Project, 23 Sept. 2023, “Mission & History.” Here Today, Here To Stay, 15 Feb. 2023, coopersquare.org/2019\_mission-history. “Mission & History.” Here Today, Here To Stay, 15 Feb. 2023,text

CRITICAL THINKING QUESTIONS Q1: How could you become more involved in your community's affordable housing efforts? Q2: Is there a CLT in your neighborhood that you can join? What efforts have they taken to work against urban renewal and displacement where you’re from? Q3: What are examples of urban renewal in your neighborhood or city that have caused displacement and resulted in less affordable housing?

COMMUNITY CENTER 122 SITE DESCRIPTION As a successful community focused project, the 122 Community Center is a key precedent in imagining an urban future where cities actively partake in the practice of adaptive reuse, as well as promoting the development of new architectural designs in the renovation of a community serving structure. The direct city involvement in this project promotes interaction between nonprofit and city government for effective site renovation and how to enhance the character of a community whilst re-invigorating the pre-existing characters of it at the same time. The 122 Community Center located is a renovated, community project. The front facade of the building is incredibly intriguing as it is a late 19th century school with red brick and white trim that is heightened by the contrasting metal 5-story addition at the back of the structures. The addition creates a new procession to the project as you must move past the original structure and through the site to enter the new addition. This is an integrated way of subtlety introducing the concept of community focused circulation that runs throughout the project as one traverses through a range of different community group programming. The project was designed by Deborah Berke Partners, who were commissioned by the New York City Department of Cultural Affairs. In their mission statement architect Ameet Hiremath is quoted stating the “... goal of the project was to create spaces for working artists — not too precious — and retain the character and patina of the building," (Deborah Berke Partners) As a design team they placed an emphasis on creating a project that was focused on creating newer community spaces and interactions that create exposure for the artist resident groups. This site is an important example for communities as well as architects. At the community level, it provides an example of how we can provide artist residences where the programming and accessibility is geared towards their practices. This particular project includes: “... two new theaters within the building shell, a design studio, rehearsal rooms, shop space, painting studios, two gallery spaces, a lobby and pre-function gathering area, offices for the community center, and an outreach station for the community service group.” (Deborah Berke Partners) This not only helps to promote the activities and projects of the different organizations at the site, but it also provides community members with opportunities to become involved with the arts or community groups. At the city level, it shows how funding can be directed towards communities and the development of pre-existing architecture rather than solely focusing on urban renewal efforts that would use strategies such as demolishment and luxury aesthetics. For architects, this project serves as a precedent that combines successful historical renovation, subtle material incorporation, as well as programming and circulation strategies for the sake of community interaction and exposure to community groups. This site relates to equity in the contemporary city simply by the structure's funding typology and the different programming that is provided to the community. The funds from the city are being reinvested into the community instead of trying to attract new outside residents that could alternatively alter the overall neighborhood. One must also consider the equity built into the design of the addition as the choreography of the space encourages the several organizations to interact and flow into one another through the architectural organization. The programs and organizations associated with the site include the Mabou Mines, Performance Space NY, Painting Space 122, Alliance for Positive Change, and Movement Research. Each come together to create a multi-organizational project and community integrated site. Bibliography/ Resource list “122 Community Arts Center - US Building of the Week.” World, www.world-architects.com/en/architecture-news/reviews/122-community-arts-center. “122 Community Arts Center - US Building of the Week.” World, Lubell, Sam. “Architects Directory Alumni: 122 Community Arts Center by Deborah Berke Partners.” Wallpaper.Com, Wallpaper, 3 July 2020,\* www.wallpaper.com/architecture/architects-directory-alumni-122-community-arts-center-deborah-berke-usa. \*Lubell, Sam. “Architects Directory Alumni: 122 Community Arts Center by Deborah Berke Partners.” Wallpaper.Com, Wallpaper, 3 July 2020,\*\* “122 Community Center Inc.” 122 Community Center Inc - GuideStar Profile, www.guidestar.org/profile/13-3174402. “122 Community Center Inc.” 122 Community Center Inc - GuideStar Profile,

CRITICAL THINKING QUESTIONS Q1: If there is a community center in your area, what types of programs do they offer and who are those programs meant to serve? Q2: What types of activities and organizations would you like to see and be able to be involved in if there was a community center in your area?