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Constructivism in New York

Constructivism is an art movement and philosophy that originated in Russia in 1915. The style uses architectural line drawings as symbols of protest against the government.

Using these images, think about what it means to apply these abstract ideas to NYC buildings to make your own Constructivist art.

This story was created for Christina Rinker's art class at Knowledge & Power Preparatory Academy.

ByUrban Archive logoUrban Archive
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Tracey Towers
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Tracey Towers

Tracey Towers site, Southeast corner Moshulu Parkway and Paul Avenue, Bronx. 1973. Designed by famed modernist architect Paul Rudolph, Tracey Towers is one of the most iconic buildings in the Bronx!
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Tracey Towers
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Tracey Towers

It’s the second-largest cooperative housing development in the Bronx after Co-Op City, and like Co-Op City, it continues to provide affordable housing through the Mitchell-Lama program.
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Yankee Stadium
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Yankee Stadium

Yankee Stadium, undated. Constructed between 1922 and 1923, this stadium was the home of the New York Yankees for 85 years.
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Yankee Stadium
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Yankee Stadium

During its history, the stadium not only hosted sporting events, but concerts, Jehovah’s Witnesses conventions, and papal masses. The highest attendance ever recorded was on August 3, 1958, with 123,707 people at the Jehovah’s Witnesses International Convention. The Yankees final game here was played on September 21, 2008, and by March of 2010, the entire stadium was demolished. Today the land once occupied by the iconic, original Yankee Stadium is a park complex called Heritage Field.
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Bronx Zoo
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Bronx Zoo

Elephant House at the Bronx Zoo. 1970. The Beaux-Arts Elephant House, completed in 1908 and now known as the Zoo Center, is the centerpiece of the Astor Court master plan designed by the Heins & La Farge firm.
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Bronx Zoo
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Bronx Zoo

The Elephant House is the principal or main building of the Zoo. The building is structured as a series of Guastavino vaults crowned by a two-tiered dome covering a central rotunda.
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Emigrant Savings bank
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Emigrant Savings bank

Emigrant Savings Bank, 2516-2530 Grand Concourse. 1984. Constructed between 1932 and 1933 in a classic Art Deco style, the Dime Savings Bank is one of a number of highly visible Deco buildings on the Grand Concourse. Designed by Adolf Muller of Halsey, McCormack & Helmer, the bank building continued to grow after its original construction. In the late 1930s, the building was extended 100 feet along the Grand Concourse and in 1950 a new 50-foot extension of the facade accompanied the building of a 10-story office block and a 50-foot tower.
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Emigrant Savings bank
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Emigrant Savings bank

The tower included four clock faces, which could be seen from the distance. Today none of the clocks are active. The main bank building served as a bank until 2014. The tower has been vacant since the early 2000s. In 2013 both the tower building and the bank were purchased and the new owners noted their interest in renovating and filling both spaces, as well as, perhaps restoring the clocks.
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Bronx General Post Office
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Bronx General Post Office

Bronx General Post Office, 1938.
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888 Grand Concourse
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888 Grand Concourse

888 Grand Concourse. 1937. Designed by Emery Roth in 1937, the building has 84 apartments. According to promotional material, each apartment had a sunken living room, a bathroom for each bedroom and an abundance of closets.
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888 Grand Concourse
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888 Grand Concourse

The Art Deco style checkered gold and black semi-circular entrance (a striking feature, dulled here due to the black and white film) remains.
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Metropolitan Museum of Art
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Metropolitan Museum of Art

The Met presents over 5,000 years of art from around the world for everyone to experience and enjoy. The Museum lives in three iconic sites in New York City—The Met Fifth Avenue, The Met Breuer, and The Met Cloisters. Millions of people also take part in The Met experience online.
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Metropolitan Museum of Art
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Metropolitan Museum of Art

Since it was founded in 1870, The Met has always aspired to be more than a treasury of rare and beautiful objects. Every day, art comes alive in the Museum’s galleries and through its exhibitions and events, revealing both new ideas and unexpected connections across time and across cultures.
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The Cloisters
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The Cloisters

The Cloisters is essentially a patchwork of ecclesiastical and secular buildings from the acquisitions of both Barnard and Rockefeller. Its location was chosen as “the only spot in New York remote enough to approximate the lonely setting of a monastery,” according to the Met’s records. Rockefeller bought up an additional area of coastal land across the river in New Jersey to preserve the view from the Cloisters.
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Guggenheim Museum
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Guggenheim Museum

Architect Frank Lloyd Wright was commissioned in 1943 to design a permanent building for the Museum of Non-Objective Painting, which up until that point had occupied rented space on 54th Street. The process of the building is long and complex as Wright, over the next 16 years, created 700 sketches and 6 separate sets of working drawings for the building. Construction finally began in 1956 and the museum is renamed in Solomon R. Guggenheim’s memory. The museum opened in 1959 just a few months after Wright passed away. The building’s cylindrical design and ramp gallery that extends in a continuous spiral from the lobby to the ceiling, were divisive elements that some critics felt would overshadow the art on display. One critic wrote that the museum “has turned out to be the most beautiful building in America . . . never for a minute dominating the pictures being shown.” The museum is now considered one of the most architecturally significant buildings in New York City.
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Stonewall Inn
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Stonewall Inn

Famous for hosting the 1969 riots that directly contributed to the Gay Liberation Movement, the Stonewall Inn first opened as a gay bar in 1966. At a time when homosexuality and gender variance were criminalized, Stonewall, located in Greenwich Village, became a safe space for members of the LGBTQ+ community. In June 1969, the club was raided by the police. Patrons of the club including transgender activists Sylvia Rivera and Marsha P. Johnson fought back, resulting in six days of protests. The Stonewall Riots culminated with multiple LGBTQ+ groups rallying to find and create spaces where sexuality and gender expression would not be policed. After a handful of closings and reopenings, Stonewall was designated as a landmark by the City of New York in 2015.
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Potter Building
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Potter Building

In 1854, Elizabeth Jennings Graham, an African-American woman, stood her ground in a streetcar at this location, 100 years before Rosa Park's famous protest. According to the New York Transit Museum: "On a hot Sunday morning in July 1854, Elizabeth Jennings, a 24-year-old Black schoolteacher on her way to church, boarded a Third Avenue Railroad Company horsecar at Pearl and Chatham Streets in lower Manhattan. Soon after boarding, Jennings was ordered to get off the horsecar and told to wait for a car that served African American passengers." After suing the transit company that ran the street car, Jennings won -- "Judge Rockwell of the Brooklyn Circuit Court ruled: 'Colored persons if sober, well behaved and free from disease, had the same rights as others and could neither be excluded by the rules of the company, nor by force or violence.'"
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Empire State Building
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Empire State Building

The Empire State Building was built on the site of a farm purchased by the wealthy Astor family in 1827. Seventy years later, the notable Waldorf-Astoria was built on the site, until it was razed and the Hotel moved north to Park Avenue. At this time, the land made its way to the hands of Empire State Inc., a group of wealthy investors. They hired architects Shreve, Lamb & Harmon Associates to build them a tower. The tower started as a modest design of 50-stories. Ten more stories were added, and then ten more. The final design approved for construction was a whooping 102 stories tall. Construction began in 1930. The Empire State Building was completed just a year later, with its opening day 45 days ahead of schedule on May 1st, 1931. To solidify that the tower would have unobstructed views of the city, height restrictions were placed on neighboring lots. Their greatest competitor in the so-called “race to the sky” was a whole eight blocks north: the Chrysler Building.
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Empire State Building
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Empire State Building

Empire State Inc. feared that their building’s initial leg-up on the Chrysler Building (a mere four feet) would not be enough. They speculated the designers of the other tower would hide an antenna to top-off the structure at the last minute. Luckily, the investors who developed the Empire State had hatched their own plan to reach great heights. The group claimed that a 200-foot mooring mast atop the 1,050-foot tall skyscraper would be a landing dock for dirigibles and Zeppelins from Germany, rather than landing across the river New Jersey. Passengers would then descend the rocket-ship like mast and the 102-stories, reaching the streets of New York in seven short minutes. It was just too shameful to admit that the 200-foot tall addition to the building was merely for bragging rights.
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Waldorf-Astoria Hotel (1893)
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Waldorf-Astoria Hotel (1893)

The 450-room Waldorf Hotel designed by Henry Janeway Hardenbergh, opened in March 1893. Four years later, the Astoria Hotel opened on the same block. The two hotels were connected by a set of corridors, together forming the world’s largest hotel building. In 1929, the hotel was demolished ahead of the construction of the Empire State Building, with a new Waldorf Astoria constructed on Park Avenue, between 49th and 50th Streets.
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Morris-Jumel Mansion
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Morris-Jumel Mansion

Built in 1765 by British military officer Roger Morris, the Morris-Jumel Mansion is the oldest house in Manhattan. During the Revolutionary War, the house was used as a headquarters by officers from both sides. The mansion was confiscated from Morris, a Loyalist, at the end of the Revolution and later converted to a tavern, the Calumet House. In 1810, the French merchant Stephen Jumel purchased the home, adding a Federal style entrance. Following Jumel’s death, his wife Eliza remarried to Vice President Aaron Burr, in a ceremony held in the front parlor. Rumor has it, the ghost of Eliza, and a Revolutionary soldier have been spotted in the house.
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