Carnegie Mansion, ca. 1905. In 1898 Andrew Carnegie began purchasing lots that would result in his owning two full blockfronts on Fifth Avenue between 90th and 92nd Streets. His choice of this land so far uptown—and away from his society peers—was purposeful. Commissioning the firm of Babb, Cook & Willard, he had built a massive 64-room mansion in the style of a English Georgian country house. The property included 30,000 square feet of outdoor space. The house, constructed between 1899 and 1902, features a number of engineering and technological innovations. It was first private residence in the United States to have a structural steel frame and the first in the city to have a residential Otis passenger elevator. The huge house was warmed with central heating. Alas, most were not impressed, The New York Tribune noted that "many people are disappointed by the plainness of the house." (Actually, that is exactly what Carnegie wanted.) The house was occupied by Carnegie's wife until her death in 1946 (Carnegie had died in 1919). The surrounding neighborhood became known as Carnegie Hill. The home remained in the holdings of the Carnegie Corporation and served as Columbia University School of Social Work for a few decades in the mid century. Since 1976, when the Corporation donated it to the Smithsonian who opened the Smithsonian Institution’s Cooper-Hewitt Museum. After an extensive renovation that had the museum closed between 2011 to 2014, it was reopened as the Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum.

Grafton W. and Anne Minot House ARCHITECT: A. Wallace McCrea DATE: 1929 STYLE: Beaux-Arts This elegant residence, built in 1902-03 for M. Louise McAlpin, was designed by the New York City architectural firm of Barney & Chapman. In keeping with their training at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts in Paris, the architects’ design was inspired by the classical traditions of the 18th-century French Hotel particular.

When Andrew Carnegie purchased the land for his new home in 1898, one magazine described the area as "only one remove from goatville"-with almost half the lots on the adjacent block still empty. Rather than continue the march of millionaires up Fifth, Carnegie decided to leap more than ten blocks past the northern most mansion to the avenue's highest point. The location made sense for a man who stood apart. In an era filled with big businessmen and philanthropists- he was bigger than them all. Born in 1835 in a one-room cottage in Scotland, Carnegie became the richest man in the world. He made his hundreds of millions through the steel industry- at one point his company, Carnegie Steel, produced more steel than all of Britain. Then later in life he decided to give most the money away. This philanthropic bent, as one historian notes, paradoxically made him a more ruthless boss. Though he had once supported unions, in the mid-1880s he cut wages and lengthened the eight-hour workday to 12. And in 1892, decisions by him and manager of his steel plant, Henry Clay Frick, led to one of the bloodiest labor battles the country had ever seen. The mansion's design-overseen by Carnegie's wife, Louise- reflected Carnegie's priorities in his retirement years: family, friends, and philanthropy. He and his wife loved nature and wanted a place for their five-year-old daughter Margaret to play. So they installed a garden more than half the size of the mansion and filled it with azaleas, rhododendrons, roses, and fully grown trees uprooted and transported from Connecticut and New York State. Louise sized the dining room to suite Carnegie's appetite for entertaining. His most frequent guests were writers, statesmen, and scientists and he asked them to sign the tablecloth, which servants then embroidered. Among them were several U.S. presidents, Madame Curie, Henry James, and Mark Twain, one of Carnegie's closest friends, who regularly received whiskey form the seventy-five gallon cask Carnegie kept in his basement. The greatest attention, however, was lavished on his libraries , where he indulged his lifelong love of books. A private elevator dropped him right in from of the family library on the second floor, also called the "teak room" for its intricately carved paneling from India. There, Carnegie enjoyed reading Shakespeare, Wordsworth, and the Bible and listening to Scottish ballads and American folksongs on the Victor Talking Machine.

Andrew Carnegie Mansion ca. 1901 The Cooper Hewitt Smithsonian Design Museum at 2 East 91st Street is a renowned museum and institution, the only of its kind in the United States, born of a long history and connection between philanthropy and industry. The landmarked building is an exemplary bit of ornate, turn-of-the-20th-century architecture, and today we explore its history and ties to the Village. In 1898, Andrew Carnegie and his wife Louisa purchased land for their family’s home “far north” of the center of New York City and where they had previously been living. This new space would allow them a mansion of much greater size, along with a private garden. Designed by the firm Babb, Cook & Willard, the Carnegie family moved into their grand new home in 1902. The mansion put its neighborhood on the map — the lower 90s west of Lexington Avenue is still called Carnegie Hill to this day. The Georgian style Mansion boasted a modern steel-frame construction, the first private residence in the United States to use this method. It was technologically advanced, too: multiple electric Otis elevators, a fully electrified laundry, an extremely sophisticated air conditioning system capable of heating, cooling, and humidifying individual rooms, and a cellar coal car that traveled over a miniature train track to transfer fuel from a storage bin to enormous twin boilers were installed. The mansion had 64 rooms on five floors, the top of which was for servants’ quarters. There were multiple libraries, parlors, sitting rooms, bedrooms, halls, pantries, and skylights. The family library on the second floor, known also as the Teak Room, was made entirely of intricately carved Teak wood, from India or Myanmar. Andrew Carnegie spent 20 years in his mansion before he died in 1919. His wife, Louise Carnegie, remained in the mansion until she died in 1946. Louise left the mansion to the Carnegie Corporation, which leased the building to Columbia University’s School of Social Work in 1949. The school remained in its grand home until the mid-1960s. In 1966, the Carnegie Mansion was named a national historic landmark, bestowing upon it a great honor, but not protecting it from potential demolition. Like many great Historic New York City buildings in the 1960s, when tastes and uses were rapidly changing, the Carnegie Mansion’s fate was in doubt. Some worried it would go the way of Penn Station and other no-longer-used mansions, succumbing to the wrecking ball.

Emily Trevor House ARCHITECT: Mott B. Schmidt DATE: 1927-28 STYLE: Neo-Federal This charming neo-Federal house was built in 1927-28 and designed by architect Mott B. Schmidt. Schmidt had also used this popular style several years earlier in the Sutton Place development. The area in which the house is located acquired the name “Carnegie Hill” soon after Andrew Carnegie erected his mansion at Fifth Avenue and 91st Street at the turn of the century. Although middle-class residences had been built in the area in the 1880s and 1890s, Carnegie’s move uptown inspired other well-to-do business and professional people to build here. Emily Trevor ‘s brother, John B. Trevor, built a house at 11 East 91st Street in 1909-11. Miss Trevor acquired the 90th Street property in 1926 and had an earlier house-dating from the 1880s on the site demolished. She moved into her new house in 1929 and lived there until her death in 1943 at the age of 70. The house is presently occupied by her nephew, John B. Trevor, Jr.

Since the founding of the city, Brooklyn has had many civic groups dedicated to encouraging education. In the mid-19th century, a number of libraries emerged that would form the basis of the Brooklyn Library today. This is the story of how it came to be.

Carnegie Hill residents revere their neighborhood for its proximity to Central Park as well as for its architectural treasures. Residents and visitors alike also appreciate and enjoy the diversity of Carnegie Hill’s fine homes, apartment houses, and cultural attractions, many of which lie along the stretch of Fifth Avenue known as Museum Mile.

Emily Trevor House, May 20, 1930. A stately neo-Georgian townhouse by architect Mott B. Schmidt, built between 1927-8 for Emily Trevor.

A walk of the best tourist spots New York City's Upper East Side has to offer.

As the city expanded and the relentless churning of commerce caused New York's population to explode, the city pushed northward. As the city itself moved northward, so did its elite. They settled along the undeveloped edge of the brand new Central Park, building enormous homes and mansions to celebrate their fabulous wealth. This walk takes you through a selection of the Fifth Avenue mansions that would have once dominated the Avenue.

In 1892, 27% of the country's millionaires lived in New York, when the city only made up 2% of the country's population! Welcome to the society of the Gilded Age. This tour takes its inspiration from an exhibition at the Museum of the City of New York that explores the visual culture of New York's richest residents from the mid-1870s to the start of World War One. It stops at several places, such as the old headquarters of Tiffany \&Company that are connected to the dazzling objects in the show. It also introduces you to some of the people at the center of Gilded-age society, and illuminates how-over the course of three decades- the city transformed more rapidly than ever before. It was during this time that New York became a world capital on par with London and Paris. Before the 1870s the lives of the rich and the places they frequented had been more private and understated. By the 1890s they were public and over the top: Simple brownstones gave way to French chateaux, cluttered dry good stores became palatial department stores; and grand hotels and restaurants became premiere places to entertain, outside the home. Even if shoes are more comfortable now than they were in the Gilded Age, you may find it tiring to walk this tour from beginning to end. So feel free to split it up!

The Gilded Age describes the era following the Civil War and preceding the Progressive Era. From around 1870-1900 the United States industrialized rapidly. Factories sprung up throughout the towns and cities in the Northeast and Midwest. New railroad networks and telegraph lines connected these industries and cities with the financial centers of the nation, specifically New York City. The Gilded Age is a complicated period. It saw the rise of monopolies and the creation of vast wealth. However, this wealth was limited to only a few families. Most Americans, including the millions of immigrants arriving annually, remained incredibly poor. The inequality of the Gilded Age prompted Progressive Reformers to enact laws which helped those poorer Americans. New York City represented well this "tale of two cities." In 1892, 27% of the country's millionaires lived in New York, when the city only made up 2% of the country's population! Yet the vast majority of poor immigrants arriving to the country entered through New York Harbor. While many Progressive reforms got their start in the Big Apple, the city was also the center of Gilded Age opulence. NYS Social Studies Scope and Sequence Standards: 8.2 & 11.5 For Teachers: The Gilded Age Lesson Plan

Fifth Avenue alongside Central Park is one of New York's most recognizable locales. This walk focuses on the institutions that lend this turf its name: the Museum Mile!

Between 1954 and 1957, the Municipal Art Society surveyed historic buildings in all five boroughs to create a database of potential landmarks to preserve. Local residents and MAS staff compiled individual sheets devoted to about 200 buildings. Each sheet outlined the building’s date, location, and style and provided a description and a small photograph. This is the list of Manhattan buildings.

Listen to the Bowery Boys' podcast on the history of the iconic Carnegie Hall while examining these archival images!