Imagine it is ca. 1950. You’ve just arrived in New York City onboard one of the sleek, modern ocean liners of the era after a five-day voyage across the Atlantic ocean. Your ship has passed the lightship marking the entrance to the Ambrose Channel, sailed past the Statue of Liberty, and brought the Manhattan skyline into view as your vessel approaches its West Side pier. Similar to international travelers in the 21st century, you now have a true test of patience as you disembark: you and your 2,000 or so fellow passengers have to try to locate your baggage and undergo a US Customs inspection. This story explores how the Customs staff prepared for the arrival of a mid-century ocean liner.

In 1935, giants dominated the west side of Manhattan, lined up one after another on the Hudson River piers. From around the world, these ocean liners ferried passengers back and forth to New York.

“Twelfth Avenue, north from West 45th Street, showing this marginal thoroughfare prior to improvement. The pier shown is No. 86 North River, located at the foot of 46th Street. The bend beyond is at 47th Street. April 11, 1924.” Eugene Armbruster’s photo captures the West Side waterfront about a decade prior to the development of the West Side Elevated Highway. Today, Pier 86 (lower left) is home to the Intrepid Sea, Air & Space Museum, aboard the USS Intrepid, a decommissioned World War II-era aircraft carrier.

Kalman 'Kalmele' Weitz, known as “The Boy Cantor,” and ‘The Young Caruso” was born in 1916 in Grosswardein in Austro-Hungary on the Romanian border in what is currently known as Oradea, Romania. Weitz was a Jewish liturgical musician, concert performer frequently accompanying himself on piano, and a cantor, who hailed from a creative family of traditional scribes, rabbis, musicians and more. He debuted at six years of age before hundreds in a packed local synagogue on a Jewish holiday, and subsequently went on to tour widely in Central and Western Europe, even appearing in a musical film directed by composer Ferdinand Straub.

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