Coliseum Theatre, ca. 1922. When the Coliseum Theatre opened in 1920 it was the third largest theatre in the United States. The auditorium sat 3,500 patrons in a theatre designed by architects De Rosa & Pereira. The space was so grand that even the bathrooms were decorated with statuary and paintings on the walls. Early on popular on the vaudeville circuit, the venue became an RKO movie theatre at some point in the mid century. The once one-screen film house was divided into a triplex in the 1980s, and sections of the large space were sold off to commercial tenants. Between 1991 and 2011 the venue opened and closed numerous times and was often renamed. It finally closed for good in 2011 and proposed plans in 2015 had the building replaced by a glassy shopping mall. As the fall of 2017, the neglected remains of the old theatre still stand.

185 Wadsworth Avenue, east side between 182nd and 183rd Streets, showing P.S. 132. Board of Education, N.Y.C.

Holyrood Church, 1929. This congregation dates to 1893. They erected a country-style church with a tower on upper Broadway at what is now 181st Street in 1895. By the first decade of the 20th century the congregation was growing and a larger structure was needed. Designed in the Gothic style by Bannister & Schell, the Holyrood Church was begun in 1910 and completed in 1914.

4211 Broadway, 2001. At the I-95 exit on the George Washington Bridge, U.S. Route 9 merges with Broadway. U.S. Route 9 (US 9) is the longest north-south U.S. Highway in New York. It begins in Laurel, Delaware, crosses from New Jersey to New York City via George Washington Bridge, intersecting Broadway at 179th Street and continuing through the Bronx. US 9 terminates a few miles south of the U.S./ Canada border, at a junction with Interstate 87 which connects New York City to Montreal.

Coliseum Theatre ca. 1922 The end of 2011 also brought the quiet demise of the last movie theater in Washington Heights, Coliseum Cinemas. Known to most residents as the RKO Coliseum, the large theater, occupying the entire corner of 181st and Broadway, had been a fixture of the neighborhood for over 90 years. On its opening day on September 24, 1920, B. S. Moss' Coliseum Theatre featured live Vaudeville acts while Harold Lloyd entertained onscreen in the latest Pathé comedy. Imagine the impression this enormous brand new theater must have given, the third-largest in the city (second only to the Hippodrome and the Capitol), its lobby and corridors festooned with flowers from well wishers: Vaudevillians, movie stars, as well as the grateful neighborhood community itself — all milling around, smiling mouths agape in awe at the splendor. The interior was ornately decorated in gray, ivory, French gold, and American Beauty Rose red. Even the bathrooms were richly furnished and included statuary and paintings on the walls. Like its neighbor, Audubon Theatre, the Coliseum’s purpose was to present a mixed program of Vaudeville and motion pictures, and was considered primarily as an “amusement center destined to play a large part in the neighborhood community life.” That first night, the 3,500-seat theater easily filled to capacity with eager invitees. Up in the boxes were the big names in Vaudeville, including moguls E. F. Albee and Martin Beck. With its built-in organ, the theater was the ultimate entertainment center. As an overture, music surged from the 25-piece orchestra pit with Ponchielli’s magical “Dance of the Hours,” followed by the latest newsreel. Thus warmed up, the audience was then treated to the latest Vaudeville skits from Eddie Foy and his family, who broke in the new stage and made it shine. The lights were then dimmed to screen the latest silent films, the Harold Lloyd comedy Get Out and Get Under, followed by the Norma Talmadge drama The Branded Woman. The intermission consisted of selections from Sigmund Romberg’s latest musical, The Magic Melody. An exit march concluded the show well after midnight. During its heyday, the Coliseum continued to present live Vaudeville with the likes of Ethel Waters, Eddie Cantor, MIlton Berle, Bob Hope, and even Rin-Tin-Tin making appearances. Most residents though will remember it primarily as a movie theater. I personally recall seeing many poorly-dubbed Kung fu and Italian horror pictures there in the 1970s and 80s. Old-timers may remember seeing Blonde Venus, RKO comedies featuring the Marx Brothers, Mae West and W. C. Fields, and sci-fi classics like The Thing. Interestingly enough, the site of the Coliseum as a community rest and recreation spot goes back further still to the American Revolution, when an inn called the Blue Bell Tavern stood there, its bar situated where the box office is now. The inn's guests alternated between both British and Continental forces during the War, including General George Washington himself. The Blue Bell, which dated back to the 1720s, still existed well into the 19th century, and whatever remained was razed and replaced by the Coliseum. Over the years, the Coliseum's role as a performance venue has experienced a general decline. The theater's structure was gradually broken up into a duplex, then a triplex, and a large chunk of its enormous footprint on Broadway eventually became commercial spaces, occupied by grocery and retail stores. During the 1980s attempts were made by residents to rejuvenate the space as a community arts center. A benefit performance called Salute to Ol' Vaudeville was staged in 1980 by a local arts organization for just this purpose. In recent years, after two closings (and subsequent renamings), and despite such promising local initiatives as a Dominican Film Festival and Children’s Film Festival, the venue still struggles to find its identity.

New York City is known for its nightlife and entertainment. Since its early days, people have gathered in taverns to socialize, discuss the latest news, and gossip while enjoying drinks with friends. Join us as we take you back in time for a 19th century bar crawl that will quench your thirst for more of the City's history.

W. T. Grant Co. Store, 1950. W. T. Grant was an American chain store that was in business from 1906 until 1976. The original store was advertised as a 25-cent store, and sold a variety of mass-produced merchandise. By the time the founder, William T. Grant died in 1972 (at nearly 100 years old) more than 1,100 stores operated nationally. The company went bankrupt in 1976 and this location closed along with all of the others. In 1936 William T. Grant set up a foundation to support research that would contribute to “human betterment and social progress.” That foundation, which has largely focused on education and research related to childhood development, is still active today.

Highbridge Park Center, June 20, 1940. The land next to the 1848 High Bridge is an appropriate location for a municipal swimming pool, being the original location of the old High Bridge Reservoir. The pool and play center opened July 14, 1936. The play center was designed in the same simplified Art Moderne style of the other 1936 pool houses. The building is particularly notable for its ashlar construction. Ashlar construction means the stones used to create the walls were finely and uniformly cut into their shape and as such create very thin joints between blocks. This type of masonry is visible in the long retaining wall that runs along Amsterdam Avenue. Another unique feature of the building was the lobby murals by artist Charles Clarke. The pool facilities have been renovated a number of times since the 1960s.The earliest work either covered up or destroyed the lobby murals. Along with a number of the other WPA pools, High Bridge underwent a renovation project in the early 1980s that updated the heating, ventilation, electrical, and filtration systems and made the facilities handicap accessible. More recent work on the pool occurred in the late 1990s and in 2015 the actual High Bridge itself was reopened to the public after being closed for more than 40 years.

Fort Washington Branch, NYPL, May 11, 1929. One of eight libraries designed by Babb, Cook & Welch, the Fort Washington Branch was the 26th and final Carnegie constructed in Manhattan. Completed in 1914, the building was renovated in the early 1950s following a fire in the basement. The library has been an important resource for the local community and its users have included Jacob Javits, Henry Kissinger, Ralph Ellison, and Lou Gehring.

My Archive Spring 2019 "This is a photo of grandmother, my siblings, and I in Washington Heights between summer 1995-1998. When my siblings and I were younger my parents would drive us from Brooklyn, NY to Washington Heights to visit my Grandmother- Maria Salgado. I remember her selling Ice's on a corner. My siblings and I would get excited because my Grandma would let us get any flavors for free. I recently asked my Grandmother how many years did she sell Ice's and she said from 1982 to 2003. My Grandmother was born in Honduras and came to New York in the early 80s. She's always been a hardworking woman, she's an inspiration." —Priscella Guillen

109 Wadsworth Avenue, May 27, 1927. 109 Wadsworth Avenue at the N.E. corner of West 178th Street, showing what was then the synagogue of the Congregation of Mount Sinai Anshei Emeth.

High Bridge Water Tower, ca. 1912. This 200-feet-tall stone tower was designed in the Romanesque Revival and neo-Grecian styles by John B. Jervis, who designed the Erie Canal and supervised the construction of the High Bridge Aqueduct. Though this tower resembles the watchtower of a medieval fortification, it once served a unique purpose in New York City's first reliable and uninterrupted water system. The High Bridge Water Tower was built between 1866 and 1872 to provide water and pressure to New York's ever-growing population. The height of the tower helped generate enough pressure to power the flushable toilets which were entering use for the first time. The tower's tank held 47,000 gallons of water, which were lifted from the reservoir that was already one-hundred feet above the ground. The interior of the structure included an elegantly designed iron spiral stair, with paired windows overlooking various vistas. After the building of the New Croton Aqueduct, the use of the High Bridge Tower diminished. Fears of threats to the city's water system during World War I ultimately closed the structure. In 1934, it was acquired by the Parks Department. The Parks Department largely left the tower alone, though the reservoir that once fed it was turned into a swimming pool. An arson set the timber framing of the roof on fire in 1984. This was replaced from 1989 to 1990, at the time New York Times columnist Christopher Gray wrote of it: "Its rock-faced granite gives the tower a chunky, fortified appearance as if it were a lookout for a much larger cast complex that was never built... The granite is competently handled, but the details are not very inspired or elegant. The tower is more picturesque than beautiful." The High Bridge Water Tower was designated a New York City Landmark in 1967.

Sobol Gas Station and Fort Washington Presbyterian Church, 1927. Ira and Ida Sobol were Jewish immigrants who arrived in New York in the early 20th century. Working in the new and booming car industry, the family was able to purchase a gas station. The business was a success, and Sobel Brothers became a chain of service stations in the five boroughs, though perhaps most concentrated in Flushing, Corona, and northern Queens. Today this small plot, a triangle between Broadway, Wadsworth Avenue and 174th Street remains a gas station. The steeple seen behind the gas station is the Fort Washington Presbyterian Church. Founded in 1913 through the merger of the West Presbyterian and Park Presbyterian Churches, the new congregation built a fine neo-Georgian edifice on Wadsworth Avenue. The church with the tall bell tower was designed by Thomas Hastings of the venerable firm of Carrère & Hastings. The congregation here has changed with the demographics of the local community. Since 1948 Spanish-language services have been held here and today the church membership is largely Dominicans and Puerto Rican.

This is the northwest corner of West 173rd Street and Broadway. The billboard advertises (and requests funds) for a new church called the Broadway Temple. This massive planned structure was the brainchild of Reverend Christian Reisner, the leader of a Washington Heights Methodist congregation. Upon learning in 1923 that their current place of worship was to be demolished for the planned George Washington Bridge, Rev. Reisner decided their next home would be a ”magnificent advertisement for God’s business.” This proposed church by architect Donn Barber was to include two 12-story apartment buildings flanking a soaring central tower, complete with a 75-foot-high rotating cross at the top. The church was to seat more than 2,000 and have a basement space with a gym, bowling alley, and pool. Needing $4 million for his church, the reverend sought funds from New York's wealthiest (John D. Rockefeller, for one) and its regular folks (the billboard urges passers-by to help out with 5% bonds). By the start of the Depression, the two Deco apartment houses had been completed, but the church itself was far from its planned 725 feet. Stalled until the 1940s because of debt, construction on the much more restrained edifice (only three stories as compared to 40) was begun again in 1947 and the temple was completed in 1952 (with no rotating cross). The final design was completed by Shreve, Harmon and Lamb, the firm that designed the Empire State Building.