Gracie Towers, 1961. Completed in 1961 to the designs of architects Sylvan and Robert Bien, this 21-story Modern apartment building was advertised as a "Riviera on the River." Directly across from Gracie Mansion and Carl Schurz Park, the bright white glazed brick building featured balcony on nearly every floor that provided sweeping views across the river. Though unabashedly Modern, the architects embraced traditional features usually seen in older, classical style apartment buildings, including an entrance court with circular driveway, a grand double floor lobby, and an interior courtyard with formal gardens. Another selling point for the building was its swimming pool on the roof terrace (on the 22nd floor) and model apartments created by leading interior designers of the period. Yet even with all of these features, this structure was panned like so many Modern style buildings. William Knowlton Zinsser referred to it in his book, City Dwellers (1962) as, " a leviathan of ... dreariness."

Gracie Mansion in East River Park (now Carl Schurz Park), from East end Avenue below 86th Street, ca. 1900.

Gracie Mansion, undated (1970-90). The Archibald Gracie Mansion was built between 1799 and 1801 on the site of a former Revolutionary War fort, overlooking Hell Gate and the East River from a promontory on Manhattan’s east side, then some five miles north of city development. Gracie, a Scottish-born merchant, entertained elite guests at his new country mansion, including John Quincy Adams, Alexander Hamilton, and the future King of France, Louis Philippe I. He sold the house in 1823, in order to ease financial pressures. In 1890, the estate and its grounds were incorporated into East River Park (renamed Carl Schurz Park in 1910), with the mansion initially put to use for park functions. From 1924 to 1932, Gracie Mansion was the first home of the Museum of the City of New York. After the Museum moved to its current home on Fifth Avenue, the mansion operated as an historic house museum. However, Robert Moses had different plans. In 1942, the Parks Commissioner designated Gracie Mansion the official residence of the mayor. Fiorello La Guardia was the first mayor to occupy the house. Sixty years later, the billionaire three-term mayor Michael Bloomberg elected not to take up residence at Gracie, allowing extensive restoration work to take place during his tenure.

"That Gracie Mansion, the official home to the Mayor of the City of New York, has survived this long can be credited to its being a shape-shifter. History knows Archibald Gracie more for his house than for him. He was hard-working, industrious, scrupulous, and successful until President Jefferson’s embargo in 1807. Thereafter, it was all downhill. To pay off his debts, Gracie sold the house in 1823 to Joseph Foulkes, who later sold it to Noah Wheaton whose family kept it until his death in 1896. The family sold it to the City of New York, and not knowing what to do with it, the City of New York allowed it to languish, but never to the point where it was beyond rescue. It served time, variously as an ice cream parlor, a public bathroom, and the Museum of the City of New York. In its rooms today are fine old Georgian furniture, paintings, carpets, and some cannonballs from the days when this site was a Revolutionary battlement..." Read this post in its original context here.

Doctor's Hospital, 1937. Founded in 1929, the Doctor's Hospital was a private medical facility that was known as a "fashionable treatment center for the well-to-do." (By the first few decades of the 20th century, hospitals were where everyone visited for medical treatment, and while New York City had plenty of public hospitals, this facility filled the need for those whose who did not wish to visit public wards.) The 14-story building opened in 1930 and had 264 private rooms, with an additional 32 hotel-like rooms for patient's families. The interiors were unsurprisingly lavish, as was the service (champagne with dinner delivered to your room on silver). And for much much of its history patients did not need to be ill to be admitted, they could simply need some time for rest. Famous folks treated here include Marilyn Monroe, Eugene O'Neil, Robert Moses (who came for "rest") and Huguette Clark. The reclusive heiress checked into Doctor's Hospital in 1991 at age 85 stayed the rest of her life (another 20 years). By the 1970s the hospital no longer only catered to the wealthy. In 1987 Beth Israel Medical Center purchased Doctor's. It closed in 2004 and was razed in 2005 (Huguette Clark was transferred in 2004 to another Beth Israel facility where she died seven years later at 104).

St. Joseph’s Church, the tallest building on the block in this 1934 photo, was built in 1884 by architect William Schinckel. The congregation was founded a decade before by Jesuit priests, seeking to serve the growing German population of Yorkville. The Romanesque Revival building at 420 East 87th Street still retains much of its architectural integrity, including the ornate rose window and distinctive copper-clad bell tower. Throughout its history, St. Joseph’s has been dedicated to fostering German culture and traditions. In 2008, German-born Pope Benedict XVI led a prayer service in St. Joseph’s during his visits to New York City.

Gracie Mansion ca. 1923 Built originally by Archibald Gracie, this house is beautifully situated on the East River. As the one-time home of the Museum of the City of New York, it was preserved for us; as the Mayor's house, it is well cared for today. It is probably the only one of the old country seats of Manhattan which remains a family dwelling.

St. Joseph's Roman Catholic, April 7, 1928. The origins of St. Joseph’s Parish date to the 1860s when a small German-speaking community of Catholic immigrants worshiped the chapel of an orphanage on the Upper East Side. In 1873 the community approached the Jesuits who ran the first church in the neighborhood (St. Lawrence O’Toole Church, now St. Ignatius Loyola) and requested a German-speaking priest. St. Joseph's was established that year and a new, modest, brick church was dedicated the following year. The German community, Yorkville, boomed over the next few decades. A school was established and the church passed from the jurisdiction of the Jesuits to the Archdiocese of New York. By the middle of the 1890s, the church building was deemed too small. William Schickel, a well-known architect and German immigrant, himself, was commissioned to design a larger space. Completed in 1895, the Romanesque Revival church included extensive stained glass windows and a new, modern organ. The bell tower was not completed until 1926 (seen here a few years later). The local German community grew even larger in the first decade of the 20th century, with German speakers leaving Kleindeutschland and moving to Yorkville. Though there is little trace of the once vibrant German population here today, the church continues to serve the local community from its 19th century home.

Rowhouses at East 87th Street and East End Avenue, ca. 1882. The corner building is No. 558 East 87th Street. This development of 32 Queen Anne houses, built between 1880-1882 by the Lamb & Rich firm and developer John Henderson, comprises the Henderson Place Historic District (so named for the one-block dead-end alley at the rear of the homes pictured).

Gracie Mansion has had a long and rich history since merchant and shipowner Archibald Gracie built it in 1799 as his country residence. Innumerable important figures have crossed its threshold in the years since, and it remains one of the oldest surviving Federal-style wood structures in Manhattan. This tour seeks to impart some of the illustrious history of the building that is now called the "People's House."

Henderson Place, 1927. Henderson Place was a grouping of 32 buildings constructed in 1881-1882 by developer John C. Henderson. These lovely Queen Anne style dwellings were built for “persons of moderate means.” Designed by the architectural firm of Lamb & Rich, the homes featured wide arched entryways, steep roofs, terra cotta details, and projecting bays windows. The eight homes on the west side of this quaint dead end street (seen here in the photo) were demolished by the time the enclave became a historic district in 1969. They have been replaced by a large residential tower. The homes on the east side of Henderson Place remain in excellent shape.

My Archive Summer 2019 “I took this picture in the late 1970s. I was fascinated by the woman leaning out the window and didn't notice the other person walking by until later when the roll of film was developed. It was a matter of luck. I was kicking through the neighborhood.” —Joe Raskin

Municipal Asphalt Plant, 1943. Built by Ely Jacques Kahn and Robert Allen Jacobs, and completed in 1941, the Municipal Asphalt Plant replaced an earlier asphalt plant on the same site. The complex, which provided asphalt for Manhattan streets included a number of small structures for materials storage as well as the main building, a mixing plant, seen here during construction. Given that the once commercial neighborhood had become semi-residential by the 1940s, the Borough Present (who spearheaded the project) wanted an industrial building that somehow would also fit in with the new residential developments along the East River. The parabolic arch shape of the building satisfied these requirements while also creating an efficient space for the plant's equipment. The style and shape of the reinforced concrete building were controversial at the time. Robert Moses called it the "Cathedral of Asphalt" and said that it was "the most hideous waterfront structure ever inflicted on a city by a combination of architectural conceit and official bad taste." (This is an ironic statement from a man who was often accused of similar vices.) The structure was lauded by others as representing bold progress in design and construction and as "functionalistic." By the late 1960s, the asphalt plant was no longer in operation and the outlying buildings were razed. Though a recreational field was added adjacent in the early 1970s, the city had plans to demolish the plant for high rise buildings and a school. Local residents George and Annette Murphy, along with other community members, fought this plan, citing the lack of recreational space in the dense neighborhood. They succeeded and in 1984 Asphalt Green, a community center that offers sports activities opened to the public. The plant was retrofitted with a gymnasium, classrooms, and an indoor turf field.

East side of First Avenue between 87th and 88th Streets, Glaser's Bakery (at no. 1670) is the light colored building second from right), October 9, 1934.

“East 94th Street, west from, but not including York Ave. Note in the foreground construction for the East River Drive. March 7, 1936.” Designed by Robert Moses, construction on the East River Drive (later, FDR East River Drive) began in 1934. The section from 125th Street to 92nd Street is the original 1934 construction, which was planned to as a controlled-access approach to the Triborough Bridge (opened 1936.) Today, the NYCHA Stanley M. Isaacs Houses (1965) and John Haynes Holmes Towers (1969) sit between First Avenue and the FDR Drive.

Carl Schurz Park, ca. 1936. This park consists of 13 acres, east of East End Ave., (left) to the East River and extending northward from Gracie Square (East 84th Street) to East 89th Street. The northern portion of this park was known as "Horn's Hook" and figured very prominently in the wars of the Revolution and 1812. This northern tip contains a spacious house, known as Gracie Mansion; built in 1813 by Archibald Gracie and later occupied by the Museum of the City of New York. The playground, walks, skating rink, landscape gardening, building improvements were all are the work of the W.P.A. Notice on the right the new Triboro Bridge (also a P.W.A. project) silhouetted against the curved span of the Hellgate.