Russian Orthodox Cathedral of the Transfiguration ARCHITECT: Louis Allmendiger DATE: 1916-1921 STYLE: Byzantine Monumental in scale and impressive in appearance, the Russian Orthodox Cathedral of the Transfiguration of Our Lord is designed in the Byzantine style of Russia, with a strong Renaissance flavor. The onion-shaped domes, with which it is crowned, are particularly characteristic of that style. This striking example of derivative ecclesiastical architecture of the early twentieth century presents a dramatic and colorful picture.

Giglio Feast Every July a few typically sleepy residential streets in Williamsburg erupt into a festival of lights, food, music, and parades. This is, of course, the annual celebration sponsored by Our Lady of Mount Carmel Catholic Church, also known as the Giglio Feast. Since so many of us have enjoyed the sights and sounds (and funnel cakes) of this week-long event, it is only prudent that we take a moment to look into the origin and history of this Italian-American tradition. Since 1954 the Feast has been combined with a second traditional feast honoring Our Lady of Saint Carmel. Celebrated in July, the feast lasts for 12 days and includes religious ceremonies, a street fair, games, food and fundraising for the church. One of the important activities of the Feast is the “Questua” a tradition that begins at 5am, when loaves of bread are picked up from a local bakery. Over the next twelve hours volunteers walk for miles through the street, distributing bread to local families. The following day is Giglio Sunday, which begins with another procession to pick up important Feast participants and ends at the church for a special Giglio Mass. After a breakfast, it’s time for the lifting and procession of the Giglio. The Giglio Feast celebrates a selfless act of bravery by Bishop Paolino, who lived in the small Italian city of Nola in the early 5th century. The city was invaded by pirates in 410 AD, and although the Bishop escaped, he returned to find that many of the city’s young men had been sold into slavery. The Bishop offered himself to the pirates in exchange for the release of one of the men, the son of a local widow. The pirates accepted and took the Bishop prisoner instead. The tale of his courage reached the ears of a Turkish ruler, who was so moved by his sacrifice that he arranged for the Bishop’s freedom. When he returned to Nola he was greeted by the townspeople carrying lilies. Gigli, Italian for lily, traditionally represented love and purity and came to symbolize the Bishop’s selflessness. The procession of lilies became an annual event in Nola, with local merchants competing for the most elaborate display. Over the years the Giglio has evolved into a 4 ton, 65 foot high pyramid of papier-mâché, styrofoam and flowers depicting saints, angels and on the top, Saint Paolino. The Giglio rests on a platform that also supports several musicians and their instruments. In front of a cheering crowd, 112 men lift and “dance” the Giglio to music provided by the band, including the Feast’s traditional song, “O' Giglio 'e Paradiso.” In addition to cheering on the lifters, Giglio Sunday attendees can expect a street fair with games, rides and food. This is a time for tradition, community and fun; a time for people who have moved away from Williamsburg to come home.

No matter where you grew up, whether it was an instructor taking you through a course in a parking lot or a family member guiding you around the neighborhood, you probably experienced some sort of Drivers Ed. In 1953, the Automotive High School in Brooklyn had a new way to teach its students.

The future site of McCarren Park Pool, viewed from the corner of Bayard and Leonard Streets. September 10, 1935. In 1909, Greenpoint Park was renamed McCarren Park, after the 19th century New York State Assemblyman and Senator Patrick Henry McCarren. This photo shows the construction of the McCarren Park Pool, one of eleven public pools built during the LaGuardia Mayoral administration. The pool opened in the summer of 1936.

Automotive Vocational School for the City of New York, under construction, 1937. The school’s McCarren Park campus was completed that year. This view is from the corner of Bedford Avenue and North Twelfth Street.

Children at play outside No. 213 North 7th Street in Williamsburg, Brooklyn, April 26, 1915.

This triangular lot at the northern edge of McCarren Park is named for Father Jerzy Popieluszko (1947-1984), a priest, martyr, and champion of the Polish Solidarity Movement. The square, though divided by Bedford Avenue, was originally part of McCarren Park. It was built in 1930 on land purchased by the city between 1903 and 1905 and named for Father Popieluszko in 1985. Jerzy Popieluszko was a Polish nationalist who spoke openly against the Soviet-controlled government in Poland from his small church, Saint Stanislav Kosta, in North Warsaw. His messages were amplified to the masses via Radio Free Europe where he encouraged "peaceful resistance to Communism," and utilized his position in the Catholic church to speak out openly during a time when the country was under martial law. Authorities arrested Popieluszko several times for opposing the communist regime. He later took part in the Solidarity Worker's strike in Warsaw on March 27, 1981, the largest strike in the Soviet Bloc. Reportedly, the priest crossed police lines to deliver communion to steelworkers on strike. Father Popieluszko couldn't speak so openly for very long. He was quickly considered one of the most dangerous enemies of the government. After dodging various assassination attempts, Popieluszko was kidnapped by Służba Bezpieczeństwa (Security Service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs) in 1984 and murdered. The priest's death caused a massive uproar throughout the country. Solidarity leader and friend of Popieluszko Lech Walesa said: "The worst has happened. Someone wanted to kill and he killed not only a man, not a Pole, not only a priest. Someone wanted to kill the hope that it is possible to avoid violence in Polish political life." Over 25,000 people attended Popieluszko's funeral and, after public pressure, President General Wojciech Jaruzelski arrested those directly responsible for his killing. Monuments in Chicago, Illinois; Trenton, New Jersey; Hartford, Connecticut; Rome, Italy; Budapest, Hungary; and Beziers, France commemorate his legacy. Father Popieluszko Square was dedicated in 1985. The square features both a bust of Father Popieluszko and a sculpture of Bound Hands Rising, a symbol of Poland's struggle for freedom.

They were built over the first half of the 20th century. They dotted (some might say dominated) the landscape from Alphabet City to Harlem, Greenpoint to Elmhurst to Coney Island. Most were more than 200 feet in diameter and more than 200 feet tall. The ones on Maspeth Avenue in Greenpoint were more than 400 feet tall. They most often came in pairs. Sometimes you could catch a glimpse of them in movies filmed in New York. The natural gas tanks of New York City were the large storage facilities for local utility companies, including the massive Brooklyn Union Gas Company, Consolidated Edison, and a number of smaller companies. In the very late 19th and early 20th century these utility companies began building facilities all over the city, some in areas already densely populated, others on land surrounded by potato fields. Generally speaking each tank or "holder" was constructed of riveted steel plates that inside looked like five face-down cups or levels. The levels telescoped up as natural gas was pumped in by engine-driven compressors. The bottom of the tank was a shallow pool of water, which, is some cases, was used to float a small rowboat for internal inspections. The holders provided constant pressure in residential gas lines during high demand. In 1992 the entire Brooklyn Union Gas system used 906 million cubic feet of gas on its busiest day. The few holders that remained functioning at that time (all in Brooklyn or Queens) were able to hold less than one percent of that total. They had outlived their usefulness. Most of the holders in more densely populated neighborhoods had been dismantled in the previous decades, but a few remained. They were decommissioned and then deconstructed piece by piece. The final two tanks, the twin, red-and-white checkered, 400-foot-tall ones, in Greenpoint along the Newtown Creek, had quite a different send off. On the morning of July 8, 2001, a Sunday, at 7:00 A.M., with the nearby Brooklyn-Queens Expressway closed down, the towers were imploded and in less than 10 seconds came crumbling down, with tens of thousands of New Yorkers watching.

McCarren Play Center, September 22, 1941. McCarren Pool was the eighth of eleven WPA pools to open in the summer of 1936. The pool had a capacity of 6800 swimmers. The pool and adjacent building (seen here) was designed by Aymar Embury II, who was also involved in some capacity with the other 11 pools. The play center was rendered in the same simple Art Moderne style of most of the other WPA pool buildings, here with massive, high arched entryway and ticket booth. The McCarren Pool has a unique later history. While many of the other pools underwent renovations in the early 1980s, this pool closed in 1984. A planned renovation never came to be and the pool deteriorated for the next few decades. In 2005 a local choreographer was granted permission to create a site-specific dance piece at the pool. For the next few years the space was used as a popular music venue. In 2008 the venue was closed in preparation for the reactivation of the pool. The pool and play center reopened in 2012 after a $50 million restoration.