Monument of McDonald Clarke (1798-1842), "The Mad Poet of Broadway," ca. 1870. Often referred to simply as "The Poet's Mound," the monument to McDonald Clarke is one of the oldest at Green-Wood, dating to 1842. Created by sculptor Robert E. Launitz, it bears a relief portrait of Clarke, is inscribed with one of the poet's verses, and bears the epitaph, "Poor McDonald Clarke - Let silence gaze, but curse not his grave." (Lot 7011, Sec. 34)

Monument to Fannie L. Quintard, outside the mausoleum of Charles Morgan, ca. 1870. (Lot 3922, Sec. 81)

Mausoleum of William Niblo (1789-1875), opposite Crescent Water, ca. 1875.

View of Sylvan Water, the largest glacial pond in The Green-Wood Cemetery, ca. 1860.

The Firemen's Monument, ca. 1875. Erected by a committee of volunteer firemen of New York City, the Firemen's Monument memorializes two firemen, Engineer George Kerr (1816-1848) and Assistant Foremen Henry Fargis (-1848), who died fighting a fire on April 2, 1848. The monument, rich in fire-related symbolism, was sculpted by Robert E. Launitz. Standing almost 24 feet high, the monument is topped with a statue of a fireman, wearing a hero’s laurel wreath, saving a child. It is adorned with the coat of arms of New York City, hydrants, hoses, speaking trumpets, hats, down-turned firemen's parade torches, hooks, and ladders. (Lots 2413-2420, Sec. 2)

Dewey Mausoleum, ca. 1890. The large mausoleum of the Dewey family stands immediately behind the monument to Charlotte Canda (1792-1866), who died suddenly on the night of her seventeenth birthday. The small monument encircled by a cast iron fence in the right foreground of this photograph memorializes Charles Albert Jarett de la Marie, the French nobleman who was Charlotte Canda's fiancé. Overcome with grief, Charles committed suicide a year after Charlotte's tragic death, shooting himself while at the Candas' residence. Because of his suicide, he could not be buried in the Canda's lot because the land had been consecrated by the Catholic Church; instead he is buried in an adjoining lot. (Lots 8612 and 2375, Sec. 106)

Monument of the Wardwell and Draper family, ca. 1870. (Lot 16063, Sec. 33/46)

Mausoleum of Isaac Newton Phelps (1802-1888), ca. 1865. (Lot 6576, Sec. 9)

The Arctic Monument, in the Brown Family lot, circa 1875. The Arctic Monument, standing at the center of the Brown family lot, was commissioned by James Brown (1791-1877), head of the powerful Brown Brothers banking firm, to honor those lost in the sinking of the steamship Arctic. When the Arctic went down in 1854, James Brown lost a number of family members: his son William Benedict Brown, William’s wife Clara Moulton Brown, their infant daughter Grace, his daughter Maria, his daughter Grace, and her son Herbert. Their names are carved into the front of the monument. Sculpted by artist John Moffitt, the marble monument features at its center a likeness of the sinking Arctic. Though the ship’s mast and sails have been lost over time, the monument’s stone canopy has protected much of the ship’s detailing from the elements. Look up above the ship at the detailed carving by Moffitt. (Lot 2134, Sec. 22)

Monument of James Gordon Bennett (1795-1872), founder of the New York Herald, ca. 1880. The monument was sculpted for the Bennett family in Italy and transported to its current location, overlooking New York Harbor. According to a description in a nineteenth century New York guide, the monument is “a life-sized female figure, kneeling on a cushion in an attitude of prayer, commending her child, which is held in suspense by an angelic figure, to the Almighty Giver.” It has lost much of its detailing due to acid rain. (Lot 14234, Sec. 37/42)

View west from the lots of the Bayard and Cutting families, overlooking Pastoral Dell, ca. 1860. (Lot 6615, Sec. 23)

Monument of the Tietjen family, ca. 1875. (Lot 9620, Sec. 15)

Monument to Reverend John F. Messenger on the Messenger family lot, ca. 1880. (Lot 506, Sec. 93/94)

Monument of William Hunt Norris, ca. 1875. (Lot 1968, Sec. 77)

"Lot of the Thorne and Donaldson family, ca. 1874. (Lot 7959, Sec.26)"

Monument of the Frost family, ca. 1870-1875. (Lot 8872, Sec.21)

Monument to Thomas M. Smith, ca. 1860. (Lot 10883, Sec. 94)

Monument to Do-hum-me, "The Indian Princess," ca. 1875. In 1843, at the age of eighteen, Do-Hum-Me, came east with her father, a chief of the Sac tribe, who was representing his people at treaty negotiations with the United States government. Do-Hum-Me soon met Cow-Hick-Kee and they married. She became the toast of the town in New York City, performing at P.T. Barnum’s museum. It wasn't long, however, before she fell gravely ill and died - just five weeks after her wedding. Still in its early years, Green-Wood offered a lot for burial of the young woman, hoping to add an attraction to the struggling cemetery. Do-Hum-Me was buried on March 15, 1843, near Sylvan Water, wearing her wedding dress. Her monument was carved by sculptor Robert Launitz and paid for by Barnum. As skilled of an artist as he was, Launitz struggled with English spelling, inscribing the misspelling of "Cheif" to be seen by generations to follow. The epitaph to Do-Hum-Me reads, "Thou art Happy now for thou hast past; the cold dark journey of the grave; And in the land of light at last; has joined the good, the fair, the brave." (Lot 236, Sec. 41)

View near Fountain Hill, circa 1875.

Mausoleum of Cornelius Kingsland Garrison (1809-1885), ca. 1875. The Garrison mausoleum is one of the largest and most elaborate tombs at Green-Wood. It was designed by architect Griffith Thomas (who is interred at Green-Wood) in the Moorish Revival style, and constructed in the early 1870s. The elaborate stone fence seen in these early photographs has since been removed. (Lot 13628, Sec. 28)

Monument to Ann Rooker, ca. 1900. (Lot 7371, Sec. 55)

Monument to Charlotte Canda (1828-1845), ca. 1865-1890. Once the finest monument in Green-Wood, and the most-visited cemetery monument in America, the monument to Charlotte Canda (1828-1845) memorializes a young girl who died a tragic death in a carriage accident on the night of her seventeenth birthday. The basic design of Charlotte’s monument was sketched by her as a memorial to her recently deceased aunt. After Charlotte’s death, her father adapted to sketch to memorialize his daughter, including elements such as the books, musical and drawing instruments that she was so fond of, and the parrots that were her constant companions. Charlotte’s effigy appears in the niche, with a star above it, symbolizing immortal life. A butterfly with wings extended is emblematic of her liberated spirit. To commemorate Charlotte’s age at death, 17 rose buds, symbolic of a female life cut short, make up the wreath around her head; the monument is 17 feet high and 17 feet deep. The monument, with the exception of the angels (which were carved in Italy), was executed by John Frazee (1790-1852) and Robert Launitz (1806-1870). Long lost from exposure to the elements, Canda’s epitaph once read: “So sinks from sight Eve’s golden star / Lost in the watery depths afar/ Yet still does the fair planet burn / Not hopeless is our Charlotte’s urn / In God’s own morn her orb will rise / Once more – a star of Paradise.” (Lot 1380, Sec. 92/106)

Monument to Lemuel Smith, ca. 1870. (Lot 6589, Sec. 25)

Monument to Samuel Finely Breese Morse (1791-1872), ca. 1875. Samuel F. B. Morse, perhaps best known for the invention of the telegraph and development of Morse Code, was also a leading painter, serving as the first president of the National Academy of Design. After Morse's wife fell ill and died before he could reach her, Morse turned his attention to developing a faster means of communication - what would become the electromagnetic telegraph—the first practical system for communicating faster than a person could carry a note. Morse's monument at Green-Wood stands prominently atop a hill overlooking Crescent Water. (Lot 5761, Sec. 25/32)

The "Sea Captain's Monument," memorializing John Correja (1826-1910), ca. 1880. The monument of Captain John Correja was carved by sculptor Patrizio Piatti from Carrara marble that Correja brought back from Italy on his ship in the late 1850's. The sextant held in the marble Sea Captain's hands was the same one that Correja used for years to guide his ship across the seas. It disappeard long ago, but early photographs such as this one record how the monument originally appeared. Note the green wash on the marble hands; that is from the bronze of the sextant. (Lot 9457, Sec. 41)

Monument of James Gordon Bennett, Sr., founder of the New York Herald, ca. 1875.

Monument to Charlotte Canda, ca. 1874.

"Lot of the Thorne and Donaldson family, ca. 1875. (Lot 7959, Sec.26)"

Monument of William Anson Lawrence (1805-1844), ca. 1870.

View of Fountain Hill in Green-Wood, ca. 1865. Fountain Hill was so named for the large fountain that stood at its crest. The fountain has since been removed.

Monument to Seth Grosvenor (d. 1861), ca. 1860. (Lot 10796, Sec. 12/13)

Monument of General Thomas Spencer Dakin (1831-1878), ca. 1880. (Lot 6953, Sec. 54)

Mausoleums of Charles Howard Clayton and others, along Fountain Hill, ca. 1865. (Lot 7011, Sec. 34)

A series of Mausoleums along Lake Avenue, opposite Sylvan Water, ca. 1870. Mausoleums pictured include those of Mary Tileston and the Spofford family. (Lots 14451, 14452, Sec. 37)

Detail of the Arctic Monument, circa 1875.

Firemen's Monument, ca. 1870.

Monument to American physician, naturalist, and politician Samuel Latham Mitchill (1764-1831), ca. 1860. (Lot 1389, Sec. 77)

View near Fountain Hill, undated photo.

Mausoleum of William Niblo (1789-1875), opposite Crescent Water, ca. 1880.

Monument to sea captain and shipbuilder Menemon Sanford (d. 1852), ca. 1875. A competitor of Cornelius Vanderbilt in the shipping business, his monument reflects his maritime connection, with a ship at sea tossed by waves, ropes, mast, capstan, sextant, telescope, and calipers, all of marble. (Lot 1146, Sec. 43)

View of Spruce Hill in The Green-Wood Cemetery, ca. 1865.

Mausoleum of the Steinway family, the famous piano manufacturers, ca. 1875. Piano maker Henry Engelhard Steinway (1797-1871) migrated to New York City from Germany in 1851. By 1860, his company, Steinway & Sons, had already become the leading piano manufacturer in the country. The business stayed in the family for many years and continued to find great success. The Steinway Mausoleum at Green-Wood, built in the 1870s at a cost of $80,000 (equivalent to over $1.5 million today) is the cemetery's largest, with room for between 150 and 200 interments. It was designed by sculptor and funerary architect John Moffitt. (Lot 15388, Sec. 46/47)

A series of mausoleums along Sylvan Avenue, ca. 1875. Mausoleums pictured include those of Mary L. Adriance, Thomas Terry, and George H. and C. Moller. (Lots 19362, 19687, 14697, Sec. 41)

Monument to Horace Greeley (1811-1872), founder and editor of the New York Tribune, ca. 1875. Greeley's monument was erected by America's printers. Topped with a bronze bust of him by Charles Calverley, the pedestal has a bronze bas-relief on one side which shows Greeley as a youth, with composing stick in hand, standing over his type case. Another panel depicts a plow, an apparent allusion to Greeley's famous recommendation to the unemployed during the panic of 1837, "Go West, young man, and grow with the country." Greeley wrote his own epitaph, "Fame is a vapor; popularity an accident; riches take wings; the only earthly certainty is oblivion; no man can foresee what a day will bring forth; while those who cheer today will often curse tomorrow; and yet I cherish the hope that the journal I projected and established will live and flourish long after I have mouldered into forgotten dust.. and that the stone which covers my ashes may bear to future eyes the still intelligible inscription, Founder of The New York Tribune." (Lot 2344, Sec. 35).

"Precious Georgie," monument of George Sidney Cuyler, ca. 1880. The son of Theodore Ledyard Cuyler and Annie E. Cuyler, George Sidney Cuyler died at the age of four from scarlet fever, leaving behind a twin brother, Theodore, and two heartbroken parents. Theodore Ledyard Cuyler (1822-1909) was the longtime pastor of Brooklyn's Lafayette Avenue Presbyterian Church and nationally known for his work in both the temperance and abolitionist movements. Cuyler employed noted sculptor Charles Calverley to create a likeness of young Georgie to adorn his monument. The marble relief cameo, protected from the elements behind glass, remains in fine condition. (Lot 4228, Sec. 23/34)

Far view of the monument to the Pierrepont family, designed by Richard Upjohn in the Gothic Revival Style, ca. 1860. (Lot 534, Sec. 68)

View of mausoleums along Crescent Water, ca. 1865. Several monumental mausoleums stand along Crescent Avenue, overlooking the glacial pond Crescent Water. Pictured here are the mausoleums of the Groesbeck and Ferris families.

Monument to Fire Chief Harry Howard (1822-1896), ca. 1875. An orphan, Harry Howard worked his way up in New York City's Volunteer Fire Department, serving as runner, fireman, foreman, assistant engineer, and finally, in 1857, head of the department. Soon after assuming leadership, Howard was struck down by paralysis while responding to a fire. Though he survived, he never fully recovered. Harry Howard dedicated his monument to "My Foster Mother" who adopted and raised him after she was saved from a burning building. The ornate cast iron fence that surrounded Howard's lot is no longer there. (Lot 9823, Sec. 2)

The Harper Brothers Monument, ca. 1880. The four partners of Harper & Brothers, once the leading publishing house in the world, are interred together at Green-Wood. James Harper (1795-1869), John Harper (1797-1875), Joseph Harper (1801-1870) and Fletcher Harper (1806-1877), each contributed to the success of the business with such notable periodicals as Harper's Weekly and Harper's Bazaar. Though James was originally interred with his wife at the Sands Street Church, their remains were later brought to Green-Wood. The fitting monument to the brothers is four-sided, with each side dedicated to one of the brothers and bearing his bronze portrait. (Lot 947, Sec. 95)

View of Valley Water in The Green-Wood Cemetery, ca. 1870.

Monument to Clara Bartlet Gregory (1807-1845), wife of famed painter George Catlin (1796-1872), ca. 1865.

This stereoview shows the monument of the Callicot family in The Green-Wood Cemetery, ca. 1865. (Lot 5636, Sec. 20).

Monument of the Gassner family, ca. 1860. (Lot 5518, Sec. 45)

View of Dale Water, ca. 1875. Dale Water is one of at least eight glacial ponds that existed on the land that would become Green-Wood. Dale Water has since been filled in, but four other bodies of water remain, including nearby Crescent and Dell Waters.

Mausoleum of shipping magnate Charles Morgan (1795-1878), ca. 1875. (Lot 2590, Sec. 81)

Delaplaine family mausoleum, ca. 1860.

View along Dale Avenue, ca. 1875.

View of Crescent Water and the mausoleum of William Niblo, ca. 1865.

Monument to John Kerr, ca. 1875. (Lot 16648, Sec. 56)

View of mausoleums along Cliff Path, ca. 1860.

Mausoleum of Cornelius Kingsland Garrison (1809-1885), ca. 1865.

Mausoleum of William Niblo (1789-1875), opposite Crescent Water, ca. 1870. Nineteenth Century impresario William Niblo was the proprietor of the fashionable Niblo's Garden, a theatre that featured sensational entertainment from acrobats to vaudeville to opera. An entertainer in all aspects of his life, Niblo was known to host picnics for friends in front of his spectacular white marble mausoleum, which dates to the 1850's. He even stocked Crescent Water with goldfish to entertain his guests! (Lot 6618, Sec. 26)

View along Lake Avenue, bordering Sylvan Water, ca. 1875.

Detailed view of monument to Charlotte Canda, ca. 1875.

View of Sylvan Water, looking down Ravine Path from Oaken Bluff, ca. 1890.

Vandervoort monument, ca. 1860. (Lot 3832, Sec. 81)

Monument to John Ruthven, ca. 1860. (Lot 2169, Sec. 13/22)

View along the shore of Sylvan Avenue, looking toward Sylvan Cliff, circa 1870.

Monument to Charlotte Canda, ca. 1890.

Monument of Mary T. Baldwin Norris, ca. 1865. Walk around behind Mary’s sculpture; note the signature of the sculptor, Joel Tanner Hart. Hart also sculpted busts of Andrew Jackson and Henry Clay. Originally from Missouri, Hart established his studio in Florence, Italy, where he died in 1877. Sculptor Hiram Powers called Hart “the best bust-maker in the world.” (Lot 1968, Sec. 77)

Mausoleum of the Delaplaine family, including U.S. Congressman Isaac C. Delaplaine (1817-1866), ca. 1865. (Lot 8919, Sec. 12)

View of Crescent Water, with visitors lounging across from the mausoleum of William Niblo (1789-1875), ca. 1865. As a precursor to New York City's parks, visitors to Green-Wood in the mid-nineteenth century would come not only to visit those memorialized in the cemetery, but also to picnic, take in the natural beauty of the landscape, and view sculpture by renowned artists.

Frost family plot, prior to the construction of monument, ca. 1870

Mausoleums of the Groesbeck family and the Ferris family, along Dale Avenue, opposite Crescent Water, ca 1865. (Lots 7998, 7731, Sec. 27)

View of Green-Wood grounds workers along Dale Avenue, ca. 1865. Misidentified by the publisher of this view as "Grave Diggers," these men were likely grounds workers who maintained the landscape of the cemetery. They are shown here standing in front of the Hilton family lot, alongside a portion of Dale Avenue that has since been removed. (Lot 11626, Sec. 8)

Monument to Charlotte Canda, ca. 1865.

Monument to the Horsington family, located along Orchard Avenue, ca. 1860. (Lot 3868, Sec. 2)

View across Dell Water, showing Dell Path and several hillside mausoleums, ca. 1875.

View in Green-Wood, near the intersection of Sylvan and Lake Avenues, ca. 1860.

View along Landscape Avenue, near Valley Water, ca. 1865.

Monument to Doctor Charles Isaacs (1811-1860), ca. 1865. (Lot 13421, Sec. 61.)

Monument of Jane Debevoise, ca. 1860. (Lot 6422, Sec. 57)

Monument to Sarah R. Graham (d. 1850), ca. 1880. (Lot 12783, Sec. 27)

Chauncey Mausoleum, ca. 1870. (Lot 1017, Sec. 95)

View of Sylvan Water, from the intersection of Lake and Sylvan Avenues, circa 1875.

Kelsey monument, ca. 1875.

View of Crescent Water, looking down Vale Avenue from Dale Avenue, ca. 1875.

View in Green-Wood, ca. 1865.