Norwegian Evangelical Free Church, January 5, 1959. The Norwegian Evangelical Free Church was established in 1897, serving a congregation of immigrant laborers and dockworkers from a church at Fourth Avenue and 15th Street. In the opening decades of the 20th century, the congregation shifted to Bay Ridge, prompting the church’s relocation to 66th Street. The cornerstone of the new church was laid in 1928, not far from the eventual route of the Gowanus Expressway. The Bay Ridge church was spared by the highway project, but was replaced with a new, two-sanctuary structure in 1962. At the time, the church still conducted some services in Norwegian, and the second sanctuary was built to facilitate services in both English and Norwegian. Today, the second space is used as a gymnasium.

Rear view of No. 610 Ovington Avenue, from 71st Street; June 10, 1962.

On this sloping vacant site next to (what was then) a railyard, architect Raymond Hood built a strikingly modern showroom for the appliance chain Rex Cole in 1931. The Fourth Avenue frontage consisted of a triangular-shaped single story rendered in plate glass to provide passersby with a good view of the merchandise. On the backside, an open atrium sat above the showroom. The whole looks seemed to be that of a "conning tower of some modernist submarine," according to architectural writer Christoper Gray. At the very top stood a 15-foot replica of a GE model refrigerator.

Public School 170, Bay Ridge, June 10, 1962. The school, built in 1913, was renamed in memory of School District 20 superintendent Ralph A. Fabrizio in 2009.

If you were young (or old or in-between) and looking for fun in Bay Ridge in the 1940s, here are some of the local spots you might have frequented! 🍹💃🏿🎥

Purchased by the Dutch East India Company from the Nyack Native Americans in 1652, this area was originally called Yellow Hook after the yellow clay found in the soil. Recurring yellow fever epidemics in the mid 19th century caused the name to lose favor and it was changed to Bay Ridge in 1853—a nod to its location by the bay and the terminal moraine created by receding glaciers thousands of years ago along what is now Ridge Boulevard. During the Revolutionary War, British troops utilized Bay Ridge’s Denyse Ferry Wharf for their landing on August 22, 1776 to fight the Battle of Brooklyn a few days later, and for their evacuation at the end of the war in 1783. Built by a Dutch landowner who ran a ferry to Staten Island, remnants of the landing still stand today just south of the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge overpass. After the Civil War, the magnificent views overlooking the bay inspired the construction of extravagant mansions, which transformed the neighborhood into one of Brooklyn’s wealthiest suburbs by the end of the 19th century. Shore Road, which makes up the westernmost point of Brooklyn and profits from the best views, was particularly exclusive. On the current site of Fort Hamilton High School stood the Crescent Athletic Club, the center of Brooklyn’s fashionable society at the turn of the century. Completed in 1892, it featured athletic fields, tennis courts, a golf course, boathouse and magnificent Shingle Style clubhouse with a glass-enclosed dining room overlooking the bay. Visitors included Presidents Theodore Roosevelt and William Howard Taft, and aviators Wilbur and Orville Wright. Due to the arrival of the 4th Avenue subway in 1916, the population of Bay Ridge doubled between 1910 and 1924. To accommodate this growth, many of the mansions were replaced with apartment houses and blocks of rowhouses. Commercial thoroughfares on 86th Street, 3rd Avenue, 4th Avenue and 5th Avenue transformed the neighborhood into a thriving urban community. In the early 19th century, the population was largely made up of Scandinavians and Italians. Over the years, Bay Ridge has also become home to Irish, Greek, Arab, Chinese and Russian communities, as well, rendering it a fantastic example of a neighborhood that thrives on different cultures living in close proximity to one another—a hallmark of the New York City experience. Today, the richly varied architecture of Bay Ridge tells its story. The neighborhood is made up of vibrant commercial districts, uniform rowhouse blocks, historic wood frame farmhouses, Victorian mansions, magnificent places of worship, pre-war apartment buildings and quaint cul-de-sacs. It also benefits from several scenic parks, including Owl’s Head Park at the northwestern tip of the neighborhood, which commands views of the Bay. At the opposite end of Bay Ridge, on its southeast corner, lies Fort Hamilton, New York City’s only active military base. Named after Alexander Hamilton, the Fort functions as a military induction center and is home to more than 1,500 military personnel. In 1990, the Bay Ridge Conservancy was established to preserve, protect, and enhance the built and natural environments of the area. Their recent work includes the beautification of Third Avenue, one of Bay Ridge’s four commercial thoroughfares, as well as seeking landmark designations for a variety of public buildings, State & National Register of Historic Places listings for its cul-de-sac blocks, a National Scenic Byways designation for Shore Road, and advocating for the responsible renovation of the Belt Parkway, constructed in 1940.

457 Ovington Avenue, 1959. Built in the early 20th century by a local developer named Arthur Constant for himself and his family, the brick house retains many of its original features. Last on the market in 2015, the house listing noted pocket doors, mantels, stained glass, built-ins, chandeliers and sconces, and a conservatory.

Bay Ridge United Methodist Church ca. 1939 The Bay Ridge United Methodist Church (originally named the Grace Methodist Episcopal Church) was built in 1899. George W. Kramer, its architect, designed the church in the Romanesque Revival style. Built with green serpentine stone, the church had a crenelated clock tower and a sunday school was added in the late 1920s. Though the church was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1999, it was demolished in 2008 after the Landmarks committee declined to schedule a hearing on its behalf.

North-facing survey photograph of Fourth Avenue at 64th Street, October 17, 1912. The Zion Norwegian Lutheran Church is visible at upper right. The cornerstone of the one-story church was laid in October 1910, two years after the congregation was founded. A new church was built on the same site in 1937. Since then, southern Brooklyn's once-prominent Scandinavian population has dwindled. The final service at Zion was held in January 2014, by which point the congregation numbered in the teens.

Long Island Railroad tracks, viewed from the Fourth Avenue bridge, June 25, 1962. Today, this cut is covered by the eastern building of the Towers of Bay Ridge complex, and its associated parking facility.

Brick house, identified as the home of H.C. Denman, M.D.; January 12, 1959. A wedding announcement for Dr. Denman and Amelia Malone ran in the March 21, 1934 edition of the Brooklyn Daily Eagle, identifying Denman as a graduate of Long Island College Hospital, President of the Brooklyn Society of Internal Medicine, and a Fellow of the American College of Physicians and Surgeons, whose father resided on 58th Street in Sunset Park. For her part, Ms. Malone is named as a graduate of American Academy of Dramatic Art and the daughter of parents residing in Park Slope.